Perceptions and Determinants of Low Back Pain Among Healthcare Providers in Public Health Facilities, Nigeria

1. World Health Organization. Low back pain [Internet]. World Health Organization. (2023). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/low-back-pain Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, Louw Q, Ferreira ML, Genevay S, et al. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet (2018) 391(10137):2356–67. Giorgio Tamburlini. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study The Lancet. (2012). https://www.academia.edu/81184988/Disability_adjusted_life_years_DALYs_for_291_d iseases_and_injuries_in_21_regions_1990_2010_a_systematic_analysis_for_the_Global_ Burden_of_Disease_Study_2010 Ryan Fiorenzi. Back Pain Statistics and Facts That Will Surprise You Back Pain Facts and Statistics. (2020). Hoy D, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R. The epidemiology of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol (2019) 24(6):769–781. Pocovi NC, de Campos TF, Lin CWC, Merom D, Tiedemann A, Hancock MJ. Walking, Cycling, and Swimming for Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta- analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. (2021) 52(2):1–64. Nagaraj B. Prevalence of low back pain in college students: A cross sectional study. International Journal of Orthopaedics Sciences. (2021) 7(1):415–7. Morris LD, Daniels KJ, Ganguli B, Louw QA. An update on the prevalence of low back pain in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analyses. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. (2018) 19(1). Fatoye F, Tadesse Gebrye, Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada, Ushotanefe Useh. Clinical and economic burden of low back pain in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Clinical and economic burden of low back pain in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review [Internet]. 2023 Apr 1;13(4):e064119–9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10151982/ Puli L, Layton N, Bell D, Shahriar AZ. Financial inclusion for people with disability: a scoping review. Global Health Action [Internet]. (2024) 2342634. 17(1):. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38726584/#:~:text=Evidence%20demonstrates%20that %20financial%20exclusion%20is%20exacerbated%20for Ojukwu C, Fab-Agbo C, Ikele C, Onuchukwu C, Anekwu E. Infant carrying-related low back pain: prevalence and correlates among nursing mothers in Enugu, Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research. (2017) 6(3), 125–35. Andrew, S. Musculoskeletal lower back pain - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice [Internet]. (2023) bestpractice.bmj.com. Available from: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/778 Negash NA, Tadele A, Jember Ferede A. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Low Back Pain Among Healthcare Professionals at University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Pain Research. (2022) 15 1543–52. `Sormunen E, Mäenpää-Moilanen E, Ylisassi H, Turunen J, Remes J, Karppinen J, et al. Participatory ergonomics intervention to prevent work disability among workers with low back pain: A randomized clinical trial in workplace setting. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. [2022] 32(4). Martins R. THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA [Internet]. [2025]. Available from: https://publications.jostar.org.ng/sites/default/files/2023- 12/THE%20ROLE%20OF%20NON- GOVERNMENTAL%20ORGANIZATIONS%20IN%20THE%20DEVELOPMENT%2 0OF%20NIGERIA.pdf Kasa AS, Workineh Y, Ayalew E, Temesgen WA. Low back pain among nurses working in clinical settings of Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis of 19?years of studies. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. (2022) 21(1). Jia J, Zhang M, Cao Z, Yang Z, Hu X, Lei S, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for low back pain among professional drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. (2024) 19(1). Petrie KA, Burbank K, Sizer PS, C. Roger James, Zumwalt M. Considerations of Sex Differences in Musculoskeletal Anatomy Between Males and Females. Springer eBooks. (2023). Cantley LF, Taiwo OA, Galusha D, Barbour R, Slade MD, TessierSherman B, et al. Effect of systematic ergonomie hazard identification and control implementation on musculoskeletal disorder and injury risk. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health [Internet]. (2014) 40(1):57–65. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43187987 Hosseini A, Ghasemi E, Alireza Nikbakht Nasrabadi, Sayadi L. Strategies to improve hidden curriculum in nursing and medical education: a scoping review. BMC Medical Education. (2023) 23(1). Hutson M. Fundamentals of musculoskeletal medicine. Oxford University Press eBooks [Internet]. (2015) 3–12. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/book/31818/chapter/266677432 Robielos RAC, Sambua KCA, Fernandez JG. Ergonomic Intervention for Healthcare Workers and Patients: A Development of Patient Handling Device. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. (2018) 615–38. Wanyonyi N, Frantz J, Saidi H. The effect of a knowledge-based ergonomic intervention amongst administrators at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Work. (2015) 52(4), 843–54. Spector PE. Do not cross me: Optimizing the use of cross-sectional designs. Journal of Business and Psychology. (2019) 34(2):125–37.