Women Participation in Farming Activities and Empowerment Among Rural Women in Benue and Niger States of Nigeria

Rajamani, B. & Julius, M. (2012). Women empowerment through self-help groups: A study with special reference to Thiruvannamalai District. Indian streams research journal 2(6), 212 – 243 Singh, A. P. (2009). Women’s Participation at Grassroots level. Punjabi University Press. Muhammad, M. S. (2004). Technology and Science Education for Self-Reliance in a Democratic Society. Minna Journal of Education Studies, 2 (3) 27-31. Adetunji, M. O. (2012). Determinants of urban poverty in Osun State of Nigeria. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 2 (12), 267 – 281. Adepoju, A. (2007). Feminization of poverty in Nigeria Cities: Insights from focus group discussion and participatory poverty assessment. Journal of Administrative and Social sciences, 10(3), 54 – 78 Charles, S. (2008). Poverty in Northern Nigeria. A paper presented at seminar organized by the Northern Development Initiative, Kaduna on Wednesday, 16th January, 2008. Hedayat, A. N. (2010). Women empowerment through non-governmental organizations in Shiraz, Iran. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University Putra Malaysia. Vida, A. B. (2011). Empowerment of women through participation in women self-help groups in the Kumasi Metropolis. Unpublished master’s thesis, university of science and technology, Kumasi Esther, d. (2012). Women empowerment and economic development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50 (4), 1051 – 1079. Bisi, O., & Biola, A. A. (2007). Actual women situation in Nigeria. Journal of Administrative and Social Sciences, 10 (3), 65 – 85. Breurer, D. (1999). Community participation in local health and sustainable development. A working document on approaches and techniques, European sustainable development and health series. World Health Organization, pp 9 – 10 Deneulin, S. & Shahani, L. (2009). An introduction to the human development and capability approach: Freedom and Agency. Earthscan. World Bank, (2002). Empowerment and Poverty Reduction: A Sourcebook. Retrieved July 23, 2010, from http://www.siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEMPOWERMENT/Resources/486312- 1095094954594/draft.pdf Mellor, D., Hayashi, Y., Firth, L., Stokes, M., Chambers, S., & Cummins, R. (2008). Volunteering and well-being: do self-esteem, optimism, and perceived control mediate the relationship? Journal of social service research, 34(4), 61-70. UNV, (2009) “United nations Volunteers: Programming Volunteerism for Development, a Guide Note. Retrieved March, 20, 2012 from http://www.unv.org/en/newsresources/resources/onvolunteerism/doc/ Freire, P. (1973). Education for Critical Consciousness New York. Continuum publishing company. Rowlands, J. (1997). Questioning empowerment: Working with women in Honduras. Oxfam. Mann, H. H. (2006). Empowerment in terms of theoretical perspectives: Exploring a typology of the process and components across disciplines. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(5), 523 – 540 Staples, L. H. (1990). Powerful ideas about empowerment. Administration in social work 14(2) 29 – 42 Pretty, J. (1994).alternative system of enquiry for sustainable agriculture. IDS Bulletin, 2(25), 37- Wilcox, D. (1999). A to Z of participation, Joseph Row – Tree Foundation, 1999, London. Earthscan Publications. Holcombe, S. (1995). Managing to empower: The Grameen Banks experience of poverty alleviation. Zed Books. Abbot, J. (1995). Community participation and its relationships to community development. Community Development Journal, 30 (2), 158-168. Zimmerman, M. A. & Rappaport, J. (1988). Citizen participation, perceived control, and psychological empowerment. American journal of community psychology, 16(5), 725-750. Kumar, S. M. (2010). Self-help groups and their impact on employment generation. Southern Economist 48 (23), 223 – 254. Sharma, P. R. (2007). Microfinance and women empowerment. Journal of Napalese Business Studies, 4 (1), 16 – 27. Anantkumar, M. (2010). Self-help groups women’s health empowerment: Global thinking and contextual issues. Jharkhand Journal of Development and Management Studies, 4 (3), 61 – 79. Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson, New Jersey. Josephine, A. O., Christiana, N. A., & Ganiyu, A. (2011). The imperatives of self-help in community development for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Journal of Education in Development Areas 19 (1), 1-9. John, A. O. (2010). Quantitative research methods. A paper presented at research methodology capacity building workshop for lecturers of tertiary institutions in Nigeria, on April 18th, Joseph, J. (2009). Research population. Retrieved on April 17, 2012 from http://www.experiment- resources.com/reserachpopulation.html Yin, R. K. (1993). Application of case study research: Applied Social Research Series. Vol. 34. Sage publications Sambangi, D. (2009). Self help group as an effective strategy and double approach to empower women in India. Policy review, UNICEF program. Retrieved May 16, 2011, from http:www.articlesbace.com/women-issue-articles/selfhelpgroup-as-an-empower-and- doable-approach-to-empower-women-in-india-1451850.html Frankel, J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2000). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (2nd Ed.). McGraw Hill Inc, New York, USA. Sakineh, M. (2009). Relationship between maternal anxiety, parental rearing among first graders in Bushehr city, Iran. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University Putra Malaysia