Assessment of Heavy Metals in Selected Dried Consumer Fish Species Sold in Some Markets in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

Amachree D; Akinrotimi OA; Orokotan OO; AyaobuCookey; IK

doi:10.56201/rjfsqc.vol.11.no1.2025.pg94.104

📄 Download Paper

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Selected Dried Consumer Fish Species Sold in Some Markets in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

Amachree D, Akinrotimi OA, Orokotan OO, and AyaobuCookey, IK

Abstract

The concentrations of some heavy metals which include Cadmium-Cd, Lead-Pb, Mercury-Hg, Arsenic-As, and Zinc-Zn were examined in some dried consumer fish samples, obtained from three daily markets: Choba, Rumuokoro, and Mile 1, located in Port Harcourt metropolis of Rivers State, Nigeria. The investigated fish samples include: stock fish (Gadus morhua), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In each of the selected markets, three samples of each fish species were procured from the sellers and taken to the laboratory for analysis. The metal concentrations were determined in the sampled fish by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Buck Scientific, 200A Model). Levels of heavy metals were expressed in mg/Kg dry weight. The data obtained from the study were collated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0). According to the findings, the species Gadus morhua had the highest concentrations of: cadmium (0.23±0.01), lead (0.08±0.02), mercury (0.07±0.01), and arsenic (0.03±0.00), whereas C. gariepinus had the lowest concentrations of cadmium (0.06±0.01), lead (0.03±0.01), mercury (0.01±0.00), and arsenic (0.01±0.00). Nonetheless, T. trachurus has the highest concentration of zinc (5.97±0.23), followed by G. morhua (5.89±0.66), while C. gariepinus (3.22±0.66) has the lowest. Within the species, there were significant differences in metal concentrations (p>0.05). The fish utilized in this study were deemed safe for human consumption because their heavy metal levels were below the range established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Given the low concentrations of heavy metals found in the smoked fish samples examined in this study, monitoring of aquatic species should be done on a regular basis in the study area to determine when the amounts of heavy metals will rise above the permissible limits for safe consumption.

Keywords

Heavy metalsFish foodEnvironmental pollutionMarkets

References

1. Ayoade. A.A, Fagade. S.O and Adebisi.A.A (2016). Dynamics of Limnological Features of Two Man-Made lakes in relation to Fish Production African Journal of Biotechnology 5(10):1013-1021 Harikumar,.U and Nsir, J.K (2010). An assessment of the physico-chemical parameters of kontangora reservoir, Niger state. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2(1):64-69 Ikem T, Kobayashi H, Tanakaa J, Walshb D, Mann S (2013). Microstructure, mechanical and biomimetic properties of fish sales from Pagrus major.J Struct Biol 142(3);327-333. Butzler JM. 2012. The role of nutrient variability in aquatic ecosystems. MSc thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Carpenter SR, Lodge DM. 1986. Effects of submerged macrophytes on ecosystem processes. Aquatic Botany 26: 341–370. Farkas A, Salanki J, Specziar A. (2022). Relation between growth and the heavy metal concentration in organs of bream Abramisbrama L. populating lake Balaton. Arch Environ ContamToxicol;43(2):236-243. XuY.J, Liu XZ and Ma A.J. (2004). Current Research on Toxicity Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Heavy Metals on Fish. Mar Sci 28: 67-70. Sharma J D, Jain P and Sohu D, Quality Status of groundwater of Sanganer tehsil in Jaipur district. Nature EnvPolln Techno, 4(2), 207– 212, 2005. Oniye, S• L, Ega, R.A., Ajanusi, O.J. and Agbede, R.I.S. (2012). Some aspects of the physicochemical parameters of Zaria Dam, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment. 11(2): 367- 379. Akan J, Mohmoud S, Yikala B, Ogugbuaja O. 2012. Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in fish samples from River Benue in Vinikilang, Adamawa state, Nigeria. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 3:727-736 Aderinola, O., Olaofe,O., Ikokoh,P and Yakubu,M. (2017) "physicochemical characteristics of stream ,well and borehole water sources in Eggon ,Nasarawa State NIgeria." Journal Of Chemical Society of Nigeria vol.36(1),2011,131-136. Uedeme-Naa, B., Gabriel, U.U., & Akinrotimi, O.A. (2011). Relationship between aquatic macrophytes and water quality in Nta-Wogba stream, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Continental Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 5(2), 6-16. Owhonda, K.N., Akinrotimi, O.A., Ansa, E.J., & George, O.S. (2008). Dry season changes in physicochemical variables of brackish water fish farm, Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 184 – 187. Gabriel, U.U., Inko-Tariah, M., Olu, N., & Akinrotimi, O.A. (2008). Variations of water and soil sediments qualities of Elechi creek, Niger Delta wetland (2008). International Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food System, 2(1),135-139. Uedeme-Naa, B., Gabriel, U.U., & Akinrotimi, O.A. (2010). Aquatic macrophyte cover, biomass and distribution along Nta-Wogba stream, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Niger Delta Biologia 10(1),1 – 7. Kumolu-Johnson, C.A. and Ndimele, P.E., (2012). Some Aspects of the limnology and Heavy Metal Content of Water, Sediment and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Ologe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Research journal of Environmental Toxicology, 6:210-221 Chandra, S.; Singh, A.; Tomar, P.K. (2012) Assessment of water quality values in Porur Lake Chennai, Hussain Sagar Hyderabad and Vihar Lake Mumbai, India. Chem. Sci. Trans. 1: 508-515 Gabriel, U.U. & Akinrotimi, O.A. (2011). Impact of municipal waste discharges on distribution density and diversity of epibenthic algae community in Elechi Creek, Niger delta, Nigeria. Continental Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(2), 66-76. Makinde, O.O., Edun, O.M., & Akinrotimi, O.A. (2015). Comparative Assessment of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of water in Ekerekana and Buguma Creeks, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development, (1)2, 66 – 73. Akinrotimi, O.A., Edun, O.M & Makinde O.O (2015). Seasonal variation of heavy metals in selected sea foods from Buguma and Ekerekana creeks, Niger delta. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 1 (1):46- Edun, O.M., Akinrotimi, O.A., Makinde, O.O. (2015). Seasonal changes of microbial load in some sea foods from Buguma and Ekerekana creeks, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology, 1(1), 001-007. Mansour S.A. (2022). Ecotoxicological studies. 3. Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Food Chem.;78:15-22. Monterio, Y. (2013) Heavy Metal in Natural Waters. Applied Monitoring and Impact Assessment. Springer-Veriag: New York, NY. 59(4): 493 Murtala BA, Abdul WA, Oyebanjo W, Akinyemi A.A. (2012). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish (Hydrocynus forskahlii, Hyperopisus bebe occidentalis and Clarias gariepinus) organs in downstream Ogun coastal water, Nigeria. Transnational Journal of Science and Technology. 2(5):119-133 APHA. (2008): Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 20thedition, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C. 1-47 pp. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2003). Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. FAO Fishery Circular Number, 464. Idowu. E.O; Ugwumba A.A.A; Edward J.B and Oso J.A (2014). Study of the Seasonal Variation in the Physico- Chemical Parameters of a Tropical Reservoir. Greener Journal of Physical Sciences. 3(4):142-148 Alaifa, C. A., Quintar, S., Gonzalez. P., and Mallea, M. A. (2017): Influence of urbanization and tourist activities on the water quality of the Portero de losFunes River (San Luis – Argentina). Environment Monitoring and Assessment. 133: 459 – 465 Jafarzadeh M. (2014). Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of water in and around Vijayawada. Int.J.Res. Pharm. Biomed. Sci., 2(3):1040-1046 Adamu, E. (2016): Risk perception and bottled water use. Journal of Americ Water Works Assoc. November, page 82–92 Ashraf A, Maah J, Yusuf. (2012). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species collected from former tin mining catchment. International Journal of Environmental Research. 6(1):209-218. Basavaraja, Simpi, S. M., Hiremath, K. N. S. Murthy, K.N. Chandrashekarappa, Anil N. Patel, E.T Puttiah, (2011) Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical Parameters Hosahalli Tank in Shimoga District, Karnataka, India, Global Journal of Science Frontier, Research, 1(3):31-34. Wangboje OM, Oghenesode PA. 2016. Assessment of human health risk in relation to concentrations of some heavy metals in smoke-dried Bonga fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata, Bowdich,) sold in fish markets in Warri, Niger Delta. Federal University Wukari Trends in Science and Technology Journal. 2(1B):641-646. Aldoghachi J, Rahman A, Yusof, Sofian- Azirun M. 2016. Acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in red Tilapia fish. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 26(2):507-513 Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA, Al- Balawi HFA, Al- Misned F, Ahmed Z. 2016. Heavy metals in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from Wadi Hanefah, Saudi Arabia. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 48(3):875-880. Bhagat S, Chauhan, SK Sagar. (2013) Impact of pollutants on water quality of river Sutlej in Nangal Area of Punjab, India, Biological Forum-An International Journal, 5(1):113-123

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Selected Dried Consumer Fish Species Sold in Some Markets in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Keywords

References

More Articles from RESEARCH JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND QUALITY CONTROL