Soil Clay Content and Fertility as Major Limiting Factors to Optimum Wetland Rice ( ORIZA SATIVA) Production in Ini Local Government, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Abstract
A study involving field survey, laboratory characterization and fertility capability classification (FCC) of soils in the rice ecosystem in Ini Local Government of Akwa Ibom state was carried out.The aim was to identify the major soil constraints limiting optimum and sustainable wetland rice (Oriza sativa) production in the study area. Three communities: Ekoi Mbat, Ibam Ukot and Ibiono Ewuro, with long history of wetland rice cultivation, were selected for the study. In each community, three profile pits were sited at representative locations within the rice field covering about 100 hectares. Each pit was studied and described in accordance with the FAO guidelines for soil profile description. Soil samples were collected from each genetic horizon for laboratory analysis. The result showed that all profiles were dominated by sandy textures and the average clay content of each profile was less than 50-25% which is the requirements for optimum rice performance. Mean soil pH was very strongly aid (pH 5.0), extremely acid (pH 4.5 and 4.3) for Ibiono Ewuro, Iban Ukot and Ekoi Mbat, respectively. Fertility capability classification (FCC) placed the nine pedons in eight different FCC units as follows: Saegh, Sgh, Laegh (Ekoi Mbat) Legh, LSegh, LSeghk (Ibiono Ewuro) and Sgh, Lagh, SLaegh (Ibam Ukot). The result showed that irrespective of location, three of the nine pedons (33.33%) had sandy top and sub-soils(S); also
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