Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Parkia biglobosa (African Locust Beans) Extracts against Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Species

Abba SA, Yusha’u M, Sadisu FU, Ahmed I and Usman UZ

Abstract

There is global resurgence in the use of herbal preparations and in some developing countries like Nigeria and it is being gradually integrated into the primary and secondary health care systems. The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of P. biglobosa leaf extracts against clinical isolates of Salmonella species. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was conducted using conventional method. Agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extract while broth dilution method was employed for determination of Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones. Antibacterial activity of the extract show activity against the test isolates, with the inhibition zones increasing with concentration. The n-hexane extracts generally exhibits a higher inhibitory effect (with average activity of 12.5mm) compared to the aqueous extract (10.6mm). The MIC of the extracts indicated that the n-hexane extract inhibited the growth of the isolate at 12.5 – 25 mg/ml while aqueous extract at 25 – 50 mg/ml. the MBC of n-hexane extract ranges from 12.5 – 50 mg/ml while aqueous extract ranges from 25 – 75 mg/ml. It is concluded that the extract of P. biglobosa leaf was active against Salmonella species isolated from gastrointestinal infection patients

Keywords

Antibacterial activitymultidrug resistanceParkia biglobosaSalmonella

References

Ain, Q., Tahir, M., Sadaqat, A. (2022). First detection of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella typhi isolates harboring VIM and GES genes for carbapenem resistance from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Microbial Drug Resistance, 28(12), 1087–1098. Aliyu K, Mohammed Y, Abdullahi IN, Umar AA, Bashir F and Sani MN, (2020). in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phylanthus amarus against Plamodium falcifarum and evalution of its acute toxicity effect in Mouse model. Trop Parasitol 152(1), 183 Aliyu, A.S., Ahmed, I, Haruna, M., Lambu, Z.N., Shehu, A.A., Abdulwahid, I.A., Sabo, A., and Haruna, H.B. (2021). Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity of Various Human Serum Group against Staphylococcus aureus. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS), 7(1): 2635-3490 Behuria, H.G. and Sahu, S.K. (2020). An Anti-microbial terpenoid fraction from Gymnema sylvestre induces flip-flop of fluorescent phospholipid analogs in model membrane. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.192: 1331–1345. Clark, S. T., Cronin, K., Corbeil, A. J., & Patel, S. N. (2023). A ten-year retrospective survey of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi isolates in Ontario, Canada. Microbiology Spectrum, 11, e04828–04822. Fida, S., Mansoor, H., Saif, S., Iqbal, J., & Khan, A. Q. (2021). Clinical perspectives of multiple and extensively drug-resistant typhoid; result from a tertiary care hospital from Pakistan. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 15(04), 530–537. Fitria, F.; Annisa, A.; Nikita, S.; and Ranna, C. (2019). Alpha glukosidase inhibitory test and total phenolic content of ethanol extract of Parkia speciosa plant. Sci. Technol. Indones. 4: 1. Hayat, J., Akodad, M., Moumen, A., Baghour, M., Skalli, A., Ezrari, S. and Belmalha, S. (2020) Phytochemical Screening, Polyphenols, Flavonoids and Tannin Content, Antioxidant Activities and FTIR Characterization of Marrubium vulgare L. from 2 Different Localities of Northeast of Morocco. Heliyon, 6, E05609.Jacob, J. J., Pragasam, A. K., Vasudevan, K., (2021). Salmonella typhi acquires diverse plasmids from other Enterobacteriaceae to develop cephalosporin resistance. Genomics, 113(4), 2171–2176. Jamilah, J., Hatta, M., Natzir, R. (2020). Analysis of existence of multidrug-resistant H58 gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from typhoid fever patients in Makassar, Indonesia. New Microbes and New Infections, 38, 100793. Lezoul, N.E.H., Belkadi, M., Habibi, F. and Guillén, F. (2020) Extraction Processes with Several Solvents on Total Bioactive Compounds in Different Organs of Three Medicinal Plants. Molecules, 25, Article No. 4672. Patel, J.R. and Gohil, T.G. (2018). Antibacterial efficacy of methanolic leaf extracts of some trees against some common pathogenic bacteria. J. Appl. Sci. Comput.5: 404–408. Radha, Kumar, M., Puri, S., Pundir, A., Bangar, S.P., Changan, S., Choudhary, P. (2021) Evaluation of Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Mineral Composition of Selected Medicinal Plants for Therapeutic Uses from Cold Desert of Western Himalaya. Plants, 10, Article No. 1429. Ramu, R.; Shirahatti, P.S.; Nayakavadi, S.; Vadivelan, R.; Zameer, F.; Dhananjaya, B.L.; Nagendra and Prasad, M.N. (2016). The effect of a plant extract enriched in stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol on glycaemic status and glucose metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Funct. 7, 3999–4011. Rasheed, F., Saeed, M., Alikhan, N.-F. (2020). Emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins in Salmonella typhi in Lahore, Pakistan. Microorganisms, 8(9), 1336. Saleh, M.S.M., Jalil, J., Zainalabidin, S., Asmadi, A.Y., Mustafa, N.H. and Kamisah, Y. (2021) Genus Parkia: Phytochemical, Medicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22, Article No. 618. Wang, Y., Lu, D., Jin, Y. (2022). Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Salmonella typhi outbreak by waterborne infection—Beijing municipality, China. China CDC Weekly, 4(12), 254. Ward, M.G.; Li, G.; Barbosa-Lorenzi, V.C. and Hao, M. (2017). Stigmasterol prevents glucolipotoxicity induced defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Sci. Rep. 7, 1– 13. Yu, M., Gouvinhas, I., Rocha, J. and Barros, A.I.R.N.A. (2021) Phytochemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Medicinal and Food Plants towards Bioactive Food and Pharmaceutical Resources. Scientific Reports, 11, Article No. 10041.