Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Modeling of On-Shore Facility for Fuel Cell Refueling to Improve TEMESA Ferries

Jamal. S. Waziri, Prof. Cuthbert Mhilu, DR. Amon C. Mwasandube, Geophrey Damson and Peter A. Killabuko

Abstract

This study focuses on designing and developing an onshore hydrogen refueling facility for TEMESA ferries, with a specific pilot project targeting ferry operations between Magogoni and Kigamboni in Tanzania. The transition to hydrogen fuel cell technology is motivated by the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and improve the overall environmental impact of maritime operations, particularly addressing Tanzania’s heavy reliance on fossil fuels for ferry propulsion. The proposed hydrogen refueling facility will produce green hydrogen via water electrolysis using a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. The generated hydrogen will be stored, compressed, and dispensed to the ferries, creating a fully integrated and efficient refueling system. The research methodology combines site selection analysis, system modeling, and equipment specification to optimize the design. Through detailed calculations, the daily hydrogen demand for the TEMESA ferries was determined to be approximately 1,534.28 kg/day, necessitating a power input of 2.97 MW for hydrogen production. Key system components include an onshore low- pressure storage tank, sized at 17,070 m³, and onboard high-pressure storage tanks designed to store hydrogen at 350 bars, ensuring sufficient capacity to meet daily operational requirements. Additionally, the study outlines the necessary specifications for compressors, cooling systems, and dispensers to ensure safe and efficient hydrogen transfer from storage to the ferries. By focusing on the technical and operational aspects of the hydrogen refueling system, this study provides a blueprint for implementing hydrogen fuel cell technology in Tanzania's maritime sector. The successful completion of this pilot project has the potential to pave the way for broader adoption of clean hydrogen technologies in other ferry operations across the country, contributing to the decarburization of Tanzania's transport infrastructure.

Keywords

Alternative Fuel; Hydrogen Refueling System; Fuel Cell; Modelling; Onshore

References

Brown, K., & Smith, E. (2019). Hydrogen as a Marine Fuel: Technologies and Applications. New York, NY: Springer. Bach, H., Bergek, A., Bjørgum, Ø., Hansen, T., Kenzhegaliyeva, A., & Steen, M. (2020). Implementing maritime battery-electric and hydrogen solutions: A technological innovation systems analysis. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 87(September), 102492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102492 Damwijk, R. (2022). Towards the implementation of Bunkering Infrastructure for New Energy Carriers for Inland Navigation in The Netherlands. https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/41696 Feng, X., Zainudin, E. B., Tseng, K. J., & Low, K. C. A. (2022). On maritime electrification - Electrification technologies, charging infrastructure and energy management strategies. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2311(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742- 6596/2311/1/012034 Ferry Fuel & Propulsion Feasibility Study Final Report | 2022. (2022). Gerutu, G. B., Greyson, K. A., & Chombo, P. V. (2023). Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative Vehicular Fuel in Tanzania: Implementation, Barriers, and Prospects. Methane, 2(1), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.3390/methane2010006 Khalid, M., & Hasan, Y. (2022). The Maritime Commons?: Digital Repository of the World Maritime Roadmap for port preparation of alternative fuel bunkering in support of shipping decarbonization ROADMAP FOR PORT PREPARATION OF By Kingdom of Bahrain A dissertation submitted to the World M. Knott, E., Rao, A. H., Summers, K., & Teeger, C. (2022). Interviews in the social sciences. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00150-6 Kumar, S. S., & Himabindu, V. (2019). Materials Science for Energy Technologies Hydrogen production by PEM water electrolysis – A review. Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 2(3), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.03.002 Laasma, A., Otsason, R., Tapaninen, U., & Hilmola, O. P. (2022). Evaluation of Alternative Fuels for Coastal Ferries. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(24), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416841 Laursen, R., Patel, H., Dowling, M., Sofiadi, D., Ji, C., Nelissen, D., Király, J., van der Veen, R., & Pang, E. (2023). Potential of Hydrogen as Fuel for Shipping. www.emsa.europa.eu Peng, W., Yang, J., Corbin, J., Trivanovic, U., Lobo, P., Kirchen, P., Rogak, S., Gagné, S., Miller, J. W., & Cocker, D. (2020). Comprehensive analysis of the air quality impacts of switching a marine vessel from diesel fuel to natural gas. Environmental Pollution, 266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115404 Taherdoost, H. (2021). Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research; A Step-by-Step Guide to Choose Data Collection Technique for Academic and Business Research Projects Hamed Taherdoost. Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research; A Step-by-Step Guide to Choose Data Coll. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 2021(1), 10–38. Transport & Environment. (2020). Compressed Natural Gas vehicles are not a clean transport solution. 1–18. https://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/publications/2020_06_TE_CNG_particl e_report.pdf Wang, D., Wang, Z., Han, F., Zhao, F., & Ji, Y. (2021). Location optimization of hydrogen refueling stations in hydrogen expressway based on hydrogen supply chain cost. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 341, 368–374. https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA210267 Wang, Z., Wang, D., Zhao, F., Han, F., Ji, Y., & Cai, W. (2022). Hydrogen Refueling Stations and Carbon Emission Reduction of Coastal Expressways: A Deployment Model and Multi- Scenario Analysis. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070992 Wu, Y. H., Hua, J., & Chen, H. L. (2018). Economic feasibility of an alternative fuel for sustainable short sea shipping: Case of Cross-Taiwan Strait Transport. Proceedings of the World Congress on New Technologies, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.11159/icepr18.181

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY