Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Human Health Implications of Vehicular Indoor Air Pollution for Commuters in Selected Road Routes in Port Harcourt Metropolis

Ohanuna, C, Imiete, G and Aigbe, D.

Abstract

This study was carried out to assess the human health implications of poor vehicular indoor air quality in selected road routes in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. Primary data were collected from questionnaire responses from commuters (drivers) who ply the selected road routes. Secondary data was also obtained from materials which have been previously documented and that relates to the study. Such documents include related research reports in the field of study from journals, textbooks and magazines. Results from questionnaire analysis revealed that vehicular indoor air pollution had significant effect on health status of the commuters. Questionnaire responses revealed that 42.7% of the total respondents were exposed to vehicular indoor air pollutants for 1-5 hours daily, 46.8% of the total respondents were exposed to vehicular indoor air pollutants for 6-10 hours daily while 10.5% of the total respondents were exposed to vehicular air pollutants for a duration of above 10 hours daily. The questionnaire responses also revealed that 74.9% of the total respondents reported cases of cough and shortness of breath while 25.1% of the total respondents did not report cases of cough and shortness of breath. The results also revealed that 35.1% of the total respondents suffered respiratory tract infections, 30.4% suffered stress disorders, 22.2% suffered heart ailments while 12.3% of the total respondents suffered pneumonia. The study recommends regular and periodic servicing of the vehicles plying the selected road routes.

Keywords

Human HealthVehicular Indoor Air PollutionImplicationsCommuters

References

Asimiea, S. N., Fekarurhobo, G. K., Gobo, A. E, Ndukwe, G. I., & Wegbom, A. I. (2022). Evaluations of Air Quality in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria: How Safe is the City for Human Habitation? Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health, 10(2), 54-57. Chaney, R. A., Sloan, C. D., Cooper, V. C., Robinson, D. R., Hendrickson, N. R., McCord, T. A., & Johnston, J. D. (2017). Personal exposure to fine particulate air pollution while commuting: An examination of six transport modes on an urban arterial roadway. PLoS ONE, 12(11), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188053. Chen, X., Feng, L., Luo, H. & Cheng, H. (2016). Health risk equations and risk assessment of airborne benzene homologues exposure to drivers and passengers in taxi cabins. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 23, 4797–4811. Diagi, B., Suzan, A., Nnaemeka, O., Ekweogu, C., Acholonu, C. & Emmanuel, O. (2022) An Assessment of Vehicular Emission in the Vicinity of Selected Markets in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 10, 1-12. doi: 10.4236/gep.2022.101001. Emenike, G. C. & Orjinmo, C. (2017) Vehicular Emissions around Bus Stops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 5(3), 19-36. European Environment Agency. (2018). Air quality in Europe — 2018 report. https://doi.org/10.2800/777411 Iwuala, I.S., & Oriaku, T. O. (2019). Assessment of Vehicular Carbon Dioxide Emission at Major Road Intersections in Benin City, Edo State Nigeria. Paper presented at the SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, Lagos, Nigeria, August 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/198780-MS Moreno, T., Pacitto, A., Fernández, A., Amato, F., Marco, E., Grimalt, J. O., … Querol, X. (2019). Vehicle interior air quality conditions when travelling by taxi. Environmental Research, 172(February), 529–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.042 Nasir, Z. A., Campos, L. C., Christie, N., & Colbeck, I. (2016). Airborne biological hazards and urban transport infrastructure: current challenges and future directions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(15), 15757–15766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356- 016-7064-8 Obisesan, A. & Weli, V. E. (2019). Assessment of Air Quality Characteristics across Various Land Uses in Port-Harcourt. Journal of Environmental Pollution and Management, 2, 2-7. Onat, B., ?ahin, Ü. A., Uzun, B., Ak?n, Ö., Özkaya, F., & Ayvaz, C. (2019). Determinants of exposure to ultrafine particulate matter, black carbon, and PM 2.5 in common travel modes in Istanbul. Atmospheric Environment, 206, 258–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.015 Pérez, N., Pey, J., Cusack, M., Reche, C., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., & Viana, M. (2010). Variability of particle number, black carbon, and PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 Levels and Speciation: Influence of road traffic emissions on urban air quality. Aerosol Science and Technology, 44(7), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786821003758286 Rivas, I., Kumar, P., & Hagen-zanker, A. (2017). Exposure to air pollutants during commuting in London: Are there inequalities among different socio-economic groups? Environment International, 101, 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.019 Sharma, S.B., Jain, S., Khirwadkar, P., & Kulkarni, S. (2013). The Effects of Air Pollution on the Environment and Human Health. Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology, 1(3), 391-396. Wong, L. P., Alias, H., Aghamohammadi, N., Sulaiman, N. M. N., Lin, H., & Zhao, J. (2018). Commuting on Public Transport: Health Risks and Responses. In J. Del Real Olvera (Ed.), Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles (pp. 35–53). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79694 Xu, B., Chen, X., & Xiong, J. (2016). Air quality inside motor vehicles’ cabins: A review. Indoor and Built Environment, 27(4), 452–465.

More Articles from IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT