Effects Of Cassava Mill Effluent (CME) On the Heavy Metal Contents Oof Surface and Deep Soil

Abasiekong; Beauty O.; Ekop Ukeme; J.; Akpan; Mfon O.

doi:10.56201/ijccp.v10.no5.2024.pg41.46

📄 Download Paper

Effects Of Cassava Mill Effluent (CME) On the Heavy Metal Contents Oof Surface and Deep Soil

Abasiekong, Beauty O., Ekop Ukeme, J. and Akpan, Mfon O.

Abstract

This work examined the levels of heavy metals contamination on the surface and deep soil samples around cassava mill in Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene. It also compared the concentrations of the elements in the surfaces oil and deep soil (15cm) with a control sample. Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu were analyzed by the used of Atomic Absorption Spectrophoto meter (AAS) and the results obtained were; Cd ranges from 0.108 ± 0.002 < 0.814 ± 0.002 < 1.216 ± 0.002. Pb 0.023 ± 0.000 < 0.063 ± 0.003 < 0.912 ± 0.002. Cr 0.117 ± 0.002 < 1.334 ± 0.002 < 2.092 ± 0.001. Fe, 2.203 ± 0.001 < 8.108 ± 0.003 < 11.057 ± 0.008. Zn, 1.532 ± 0.001 < 2.391 ± 0.001 < 10.421 ± 0.001 and Cu, 2.005 ± 0.004 < 19.043 ± 0.002 < 25.706 ± 0.002. The levels of Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Cu were within the permissible levels, however with the deep soil having the highest concentration in all except Cr. Contamination Factor (CF) indication showed very high for Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cu, while Fe is moderate and considerable. CF for surface soil, revealed Cd (7.56), Cr (17.96), Pb (27.48), Fe (2.89), Zn (1.56), and Cu (9.50). While CF for deep soil revealed Cd (11.31), Cr (11.56), Pb (39.64), Fe (3.94), Zn (6.80) and Cu (12.82). From the results, the pollution lead index (PLI) value of surface soil is 7.366 which denote perfection and the deep soil is 11.009 which indicates deterioration. Results showed that soil samples around cassava mills, Ikot Osurua are not polluted with respect to those metals. However, there is need for proper monitoring so as to maintain the present levels or device mitigation process that can control the future against bioaccumulation and biomagnifications in food chain or further result in the risk of superficial and ground water contamination.

Keywords

Cassava Mill EffluentHeavy MetalContamination FactorDeep SoilSurface Soil

References

Cossica, E. S., Tavares, C. R. & Ravagnari, T. M. (2000). Bisorption of Chromium (iii) by Sargassium Sp. Biomas Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 5(2); 105 – 112. Dominati, E., Patterson, M. & Mackey, A. (2010). A framework for classifying and quantifying the natural capital and ecosystem services of soils Ecological Economics, 69 (9); 1858 – 1868. Gilluly, J., Waters, A. C. & Woodford, A. O. (2008). Principles of geology (4th ed.). San Francisco, California Freeman. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, pp. 50 – 63. Horsfall, M. A. & Spiff, A. (2006). Kinetics studies on the absorption of cadmium, copper and zinc ions from aqueous solutions by cassava tuber bark waste. Bioresource Technology, 9; 283-291. Nwachukwu, J. N., Njoku, U.O., Agu, C. V., Okonkwo, C.C and Obidiegwu, C.J. (2018). Impact of Palm Oil Mill effluent (tPOME) Contamination on Soil Enzyme Activities and Physiochemical Properties. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology 12: 34- 41, Oboh, G., Akindahunsi, A. A. & Oshodi, A. A. (2002). Nutrient and antinutrient contents of Aspergillus niger fermented cassava products (flour and garri). Journal of Food Compound Analysis, 15; 617 – 622. Ohochuku, N. S. (2005). Odourless Fermentation of tuber of cassava (Manchot esculenta granitz) Journal of Health and Environmental Research. 6 (2) : 62 – 69. Okafor, N. & Ejiofor, A. O. (2000). Rapid Detoxication of Cassava mash by a yeast simultaneous producing linamarasee Amylase Process. Biochemistry International, 25; 82 – 86. Okwute, O.L and ISU, N.R (2007). The environmental impact of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on some physic-chemical parameters and total aerobic bioload of soil at dumo site in Ayingba, Kogi State, Nigeria. African Journal of AgriculturalRresearch 2; 256 – 662 Opeolu, B. O., Bamgbose, T. A., Arowolo, J. & Adetunji, M. T. (2008). Sorption of lead (ii) from aqueous solutions using chemically modified and unmodified Discorea alata (yam) and Manchot esculenta (cassava) peel. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria. 33(2); 1 – 10. Taylor, S. A. & Ashcroft, G. L. (2007). Physical edaphology: the physics of irrigated and non- irrigated soils, San Francisco, Californi; W. H. Freeman. Applied Soil Ecology, 15(1); 13 – 24. Ruqia, N., Khan, M and Mohammed. (2015). Accumulation of Heavy Metals ( Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, pb, Zn, Fe ) in the soil, water and plants and analysis of Physico-chemical parameters of Soil and water collected from Tanda Dam, Kohat. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 7(3) ; 89-97.

Effects Of Cassava Mill Effluent (CME) On the Heavy Metal Contents Oof Surface and Deep Soil

Abstract

Keywords

References

More Articles from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES