Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Evaluation of Energy Utilization in Bread Bakeries located in Gboko Town, Benue State, Nigeria

Ekhuemelo D. O. and Nyiliam L. I.

Abstract

This research investigated energy utilization in bread bakeries located in Gboko town, Benue State, Nigeria. Snowball sampling technique was used to identify bakeries. Google Form semistructured questionnaire was purposively employed to interview one respondent from identified bread bakeries. Results show that 24 bread bakeries were located in 6 Council Wards in Gboko. Bakeries were found in Gboko Central, Gboko East and Gboko North (16.7%, 25%, 33% while others were 8.3% in Gboko South, Gboko West and Mkar, respectively. Respondents were mostly males (54 %) who were predominately Christians (91%) within the age of 50 years old. Education of respondents was 63% tertiary who were basically bread bakers (83%). Firewood (50%) was foremost one-use type of energy source utilized followed by gas (33.3%). Firewood and electricity (62.5%), firewood and gas (33.3%) and firewood and charcoal (4.2%) were two-use energy utilized. Firewood, charcoal and electricity (95.7%, highest) in three-use type of energy. Most preferred energy source was firewood (54.2%); gas (29%), electricity (12.5%) and charcoal (4.2%). Reasons for preferred energy use were: low-cost (45.8%), convenience (33.3%) and availability (20.8%). Main source of firewood was firewood marketers (73.3%). Challenges in accessing firewood were unavailability (60%), far distance covered to access firewood (20%) and high cost of purchase (20%). Highest estimated expenses made weekly on firewood was between N5,00 and N10,000. Respondents were not aware (50%) that the use of firewood causes deforestation, they were not sure (66.7%) they will replant tree and they however had preference (93.3%) for choice of firewood. Ranking of preferred firewood species by respondents were Prosopis africana (93.3%) >Viltellaria paradoxa (46.7 %) >Burkea africana (40%) >Daniellia oliveri and Parkia biglobosa (13.3%) while Khaya senegalensis and Magnifera indica were 6.7% respectively. Respondents had no strategies in p

Keywords

EnergyBread MakingFirewoodElectricityGas

References

Adekanye, T. A., Oni. K. C., Alhassan E. A., Adekiya A. O. and Olayanju A. (2020). Analysis of energy use in cassava production in North-Central Nigeria. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 22 (2): 99 – 104. Agboola D. A. (2004). “Prosopis Africana (Mimosaceae): Stem, Roots, and Seeds in the Economy of the Savanna Areas of Nigeria.” Economic Botany, vol. 58, New York Botanical Garden Press, 34–42. Aiyelari, E.A., Cole, A.H. and Alabadan, B.A. (2007). An evaluation of human energy requirements in Gari production in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria. African Journal of Root and Tuber Crops. 3(1): 12 – 15. Ajekwe C. C. M. and Ibiamke A. (2017). The Tiv Socio-Cultural Environment and Entrepreneurship Emergence. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(1): 42-49 Apud, E., Bostrand, L., Mobbs, I.D. and Strehlke, B. (2009). Guidelines on ergonomic study in forestry. International Labour Office, Genava. 241pp. Baruah, D.C. and Bhattacharya, P.C. 1996. Energy utilization pattern in the manufacture of black tea. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America. 27(4): 65 – 70. Atela M., Ojebode A., Aina T., Agbonifo J., Oosterom M., Makokha R., Oluwajulugbe O. and Omeghie Okoyomoh O. (2021). Demanding Power: Struggles over Fuel Access in Nigeria. Working Paper, Volume 2021 Number 554, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, DOI: 10.19088/IDS.2021.054. Baiyegunhi, L.J.S., Hassan, M.B., (2014). Rural household fuel energy transition: evidence from Giwa LGA Kaduna State, Nigeria. Energy for Sustainable Development, 20, Pp. 30–35. Bamgboye A. I. and Kosemani B. S. (2015). Energy Input in the Production of Cassava. Energy and Environment Research; 5(2): 42 - 48 Barminas J. T., Maina H. M. and Ali J. (1998). Nutrient content of Prosopis africana seeds. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 52(4):325-8. doi: 10.1023/a:1008045218320. PMID: 10426119. Baruah, D.C. and Bhattacharya, P.C. (1996). Energy utilization pattern in the manufacture of Bisu D.Y., Kuhe A. and Iortyer H.A. (2016). Urban household cooking energy choice: An example of Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria. Energy, Sustainability & Society, 6, 15. https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/ articles/10.1186/s13705-016-0080-1 black tea. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 27(4): 65 – 70. Chang, H.H., Chang D.I. and Kim, D.C. (1996). Energy models of rice processing complex. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) Paper No 946064 34pp. St. Joseph, U.S.A. Chang, H.H., Chang D.I. and Kim, D.C. (2006). Energy models of rice processing complex. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) Paper No 946064 34pp. St. Joseph, U.S.A. Christenson, E.H. 1964. Man, at work: studies in the application of physiology to working conditions in a sub-tropical country. International Labour Office, Loeneia Occupational safety and health series, No 4. Chang, H.H., Chang D.I. and Kim, D.C. (2016). Energy models of rice processing complex. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) Paper No 946064 34pp. Duvuna G. A. and Abur B. T. (2014). Effective Energy Utilization in Non-Conventional Bakery Ovens (A case study of Adamawa State, Nigeria), International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 4(3): 2347 – 5161. Ekhuemelo D. O., Tembe E. T. and Abah M. (2019). Evaluation of Charcoal Production in Makurdi and Guma Local Government Areas of Benue State, Nigeria. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, 7(1): 69-86. Ekhuemelo D. O., Tsembe J. I. and Amonum J. I. (2017). Investigation of Charcoal Production in Gwer West and Gwer East Local Government Areas of Benue State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Environment and Ecology, 3(1): 1-13. El-Adly I. F., Khater E. G., Bahnasawy A. H. and Ali S. A. (2015). Energy consumption in bread baking. Agricultural Engineering and Country Challenges: The 20th Annual Conference of Misr Society of Agricultural Engineering, 535 - 554 Fadare, D. A., (2003). Development of an organo-mineral fertilizer processing plant. A Ph.D. thesis of Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, Nigeria. Geist, H.J. and Lambin, E.F. 2002. Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestation. BioScience, 52 (2): 143-149. Ibrahim Sufiyan, Muhammad K.D, Umar Musa U (2021). Appraisal of Per Capita Consumption of Charcoal and Firewood as an Alternative Energy Sources for Domestic Usage in Keffi Nasarawa State Nigeria. Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management, 3(1): 22-26. Jekayinfa, S.O. (2007). Energetic analysis of poultry processing operations. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 10: 77-92 Jekayinfa, S.O. and Bamgboye, A.I. (2007). Development of equations for estimating energy requirements in palm-kernel oil processing operations. Journal of Food Engineering, 79(1):322-329. Naibbi A. I. and Healey R. G. (2014). Using Geographically Weighted Regression to Estimate the Spatial Patterns of Firewood Utilization in Nigeria. American Journal of Geographic Information System, 3(3): 109-121. National Population Commission (2006). National Population Commission on the 2006 Census Rajput R. K. (2001). Thermal Engineering New Delhi: Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd. 434-464. Umar O. U., Nura S., Dahiru M. and Isa M. A. (2016). Effects of fuel Wood Exploitation on the Environment: A Case Study of Nasarawa Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2(1): 195 – 201.