Vesico-Vaginal Fistula and its Sociocultural Impact on The Health of Women in Northern Nigeria

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) and its sociocultural factors on the health of women in northern Nigeria. Specifically, to investigate the impact of simple vaginal fistulas, ureterovaginal fistulas, urethrovaginal fistulas, enterovaginal fistulas, and their respective sociocultural factors on the health of women in northern Nigeria. The study targeted 25,115 VVF patients in the reproductive age range of 15-49 years attending the Faridat Yakubu General Hospital in Zamfara State, the National Obstetric Fistula Center in Babbaru Ruga, Katsina State, and the Gesse VVF Center in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State. In determining the sample size for this study, the Taro yemen method was used in 394 cases, including 132 at Faridat Yakubu General Hospital in Zamfara State, 131 at the National Obstetric Fistula Center in Babbaru Ruga, Katsina State, and 131 at Gesse VVF Center in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State. The main instrument for this study is to use a structure questionnaire in a four-point rating scale, divided into two clusters, with section B consisting of 25 items. This instrument was validated based on facial and content parameters for data collection. The data collected and compiled for the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, and the null hypothesis was tested using ANOVA. The results indicate that simple vaginal fistulas, ureterovaginal fistulas, urethrovaginal fistulas, enterovaginal fistulas, and their sociocultural factors have a significant impact on the health of women in northern Nigeria. Similarly, there is a significant difference between the mean of the respondents from Zamfara, Katsina, and Kebbi states of the National Obstetric Fistula Center on the impact of simple vaginal fistula and uretero-vaginal fistula, whereas the mean of the respondents at the National Obstetric Fis

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