Morbidity Pattern as Determinants of Functional Disability among Geriatric Patients attending the General Outpatient Clinic of Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Abeokuta

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine the morbidity patterns as determinants of functional disability among geriatric patients attending the General Outpatient Clinic of Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Abeokuta. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted with 385 elderly patients (aged 60 years and above). We utilized a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, Katz index of independence in activities of daily living (ADLs), and Lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale (IADLs). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between clinical characteristics and functional disability. Results: The majority of respondents (54.2%) had cardiovascular diseases. A significant association was found between cardiovascular diseases and functional disability in both BADL (P=0.032) and IADL (P=0.002). Musculoskeletal and endocrine/metabolic diseases also showed a significant relationship with functional disability in IADL. However, other conditions like digestive, eye, ear, and psychological disorders did not show a significant impact on functional disability. Additionally, the presence of multiple morbidities and non-communicable diseases significantly correlated with functional disability, particularly in IADL. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant impact of specific chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and endocrine/metabolic disorders, on the functional capabilities of elderly patients. Managing these conditions is crucial for maintaining the functional independence of the elderly. The findings underscore the need for integrated chronic disease management programs and a multidisciplinary approach to geriatric care. Recommendations: The study recommends the implementation of integrated chronic disease management programs, the establishment of multidisciplinary geriatric care teams, and the development of elderly-focused he

References