Environmental Pollution and Life Expectancy among Intrepreneurs

Abstract

Purpose This study examines environmental pollution and life expectancy among intrapreneurs in Nigeria from 1981 to 2023. The study envisages the outcomes on post Covid-19 from 2020-2023 using review analysis on the sustainability, survival and success of intrapreneurs in the business enterprise. Methodology/Approach Hence, empirical data from 1981-2019 in antecedents to the past using annual time series data obtained from secondary sources and analyzed using the Toda-Yamamoto estimation technique of analysis. The study used Life Expectancy to capture post covid-19 outcomes among intrapreneurs with response variable as Carbon dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Health Outcomes and Particulate Matter were used as the main explanatory variables, whereas Government Expenditure on Health is used as the check or control variable. Findings The findings reveal that Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide and Particulate Matter reveal no causality with Life Expectancy during the period of study. Implying that Carbon dioxide emission, Nitrous oxide emission and Particulate Matter do not contribute or result to life expectancy reduction in Nigeria during the period of study (1981-2023). However, further finding reveals that increase in life Expectancy result a causal effect on carbon dioxide emission, implying that increase in life expectancy leads to a continuous pollution of the environment especially the Carbon dioxide emission in the period of study.

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