Evaluating the Role of Sediment Transport in Flood Formation Along Sections of River Kaduna

Abstract

The pattern and amount of sediment production are regulated predominant by upstream land-use land cover (LULC) types, precipitation volume, and intensity. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed in this study to assess the contribution of sediment to flood development. For the simulation of hydrological features and the prediction of sediment yields, the SWAT standard procedures were utilized. The SWAT model was calibrated using rainfall data for 29 years (1992-2021) and validated using data observed flow data for ten years (2011-2021). The Nash-Sutcliffe (NS), the coefficient of determination (r2), and the proportion of observed data (p-factor), showed that the model function was statistically significant. The SWAT model evaluation produced NS, r2, and p-factor values of 0.2447, 0.1131, and 0.1719, respectively. Two- factor or two-way ANOVA was applied to validate the Hypothesis H0; sediment concentration contribute to the river flooding, while H1: Sediment do not contribute to the river flooding. Using excel window X10pro. The stated hypothesis H0, stands to be adapted since Fcrit < Fcal i.e 3.44 < 3.05 in the excel calculation, it is seen that Fcrit = 3.44 which show that sediment concentration is contributing factor for river flooding. Results indicate that the model's estimates of stream flow and sediment output were accurate. The results indicate that flooding caused an increase in evapotranspiration, sediment output, and surface runoff.

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