Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Determination of ESBL Producing Multidrug Resistance Uropathogenic E. coli and Klebsiella sp. Isolated in some Selected Hospitals in Kano State.

Abstract

Background: The persistent exposure of bacterial strains to a multitude of ?-lactams has induced a dynamic and continuous production and mutation of ?-lactamases in bacteria, expanding their activity even against the third and fourth generation cephalosporins such as ceftazidime, cefotaxime and cefepime and against aztreonam. The presence of ESBL has been associated with increased mortality, longer duration of hospitalization and increased hospital cost (Hang et al., 2019). Aim: The study was aimed to determine ESBL producing isolates among multidrug resistance uropathogenic isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella sp isolated from the three major hospitals in Kano State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and thirty-one (131) suspected Klebsiella sp. and E coli isolates were collected from the Microbiology laboratory of all the 3 study sites i.e., Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH), Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital (MAWTH) and Aminu Kano teaching hospital (AKTH) all in Kano State, North West Nigeria. Isolates were subjected to Gram staining, morphological and biochemical characterization as well as MicrogenTM Gram negative Identification A system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using modified Kirby-Bauer disc- diffusion method. Results: Result showed that all the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin (100%), 75% and 67% susceptible to ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid respectively. The resistance pattern of the isolates was observed to be cephalothin (77.5%), cefpodoxime (72.5%), ampicillin (57.5 %), tetracycline (52.5%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (50%), ceftriaxone (40%), amoxicillin- clavulanic acid (32.5%) and ciprofloxacin (25%). Klebsiella sp. showed higher resistance to cephalexin (90%), ampicillin (90%), cefpodoxime (80%), and then tetracycline (60%) while resistance of E. coli to cephalexin, cefpodoxime, and tetracycline were 73.3%, 70%, and 50% respectively. Out of the 22 MDR isolates, 14 (6

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