Status of Some Biochemical Markers among Nasal Tobacco Snuffing Addicts in Yenagoa Bayelsa State Nigeria

Abstract

Heavy metals and poisons found in snuff may be harmful to human health. This study aimed on the status of a few biochemical markers among nasal tobacco snuffing addicts in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The 5 ml of blood sample used for this study were withdrawn from each of the non-tobacco snuffers (control group, n=53) and nasal tobacco addicted snuffers for 5- 10 years (experimental group, n=53) respectively. All the volunteers were between the ages of 18 and 52. Each of these samples was introduced into a lithium heparin anti-coagulated bottle, which was then spun at 2,500 revolutions per minute to obtain plasma which was subsequently used to measure the following biochemical markers: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, lead, cadmium, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, 2-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, troponin-1, creatinekinase-MB, C- reactive protein and interleukin-6 using SPSS 23.0 version for statistical analysis with data illustrated as means and standard deviation. The mean values of alanine aminotransferase (38.27 ± 2.17) U/I, aspartate aminotransferase (27.11 ± 1.91) U/I. alkaline phosphatase (49.85 ± 3.65) U/I, Creatinine (97.42 ± 2.96) µmol/L, urea (11.20 ± 1.80) mmol/L, lead (7.80 ± 1.42) × 10-2 ppm, cadmium (6.52 ± 1.21) × 10-2 ppm, malondialdehyde (15.27 ± 1.81) µmol/L, glutathione peroxidase (12. 72 ± 2.10) µmol/L, C-reactive protein (27.65± 2.72) mg/L, and interleukin-6 (29.71 ± 2.10) pg/ml were significantly elevated as compared to the control group alanine aminotransferase (4.02 ± 0.15) U/I, aspartate aminotransferase (3.91 ± 0.12) U/I, alkaline phosphatase (17.81 ± 1.15) U/I, creatinine (60.12 ± 3.17) µmol/L, urea (3.78 ± 1.14) mmol/L, lead (0.002 ± 0.01) × 10-2 ppm, cadmium (0.03 ± 0.01) ×10-2 ppm, malondialdehyde (2.10 ± 0.12) µmol/L, glutathione peroxidase (2.71 ± 0.02) µmol/L,

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