Immunological Changes in Two Sizes of Tilapia guineensis Exposed to Fenthion Formulations

Abstract

The immunological profiles of Tilapia guineensis juvenile and adult sizes were examined for the acute impacts of Fenthion formulation insecticide. The fish were treated to the chemical at five different doses over the course of 15 days: 0.00 (control), 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg/L. Six water quality factors, including temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, and ammonia, were assessed during the exposure. Blood samples from the fish were taken at the conclusion of the experiment, and they were examined for immunological profiles using conventional laboratory techniques. The results showed that as the chemical's concentration was increased, so did the values for ammonia and nitrite. While the dissolved oxygen values decreased. Salinity, pH, and temperature were all within the same range, though. Leucocytosis, a normal response of the fish body to attacks of foreign substances, such as fenthion, which can alter the normal physiological function in fish, increased as a result of the chemical's significant distortions in the immune profiles of T. guineensis. Significant changes (infections) that appear after exposure to this chemical include significant increases (P<0.05) in the number of lymphocytes (lymphocytosis), eosinophils (eosinophilia), and neutrophils (neutropenia), along with significant declines (monocytopenia) in each cell type.

Keywords

References