Decentralizing the Centralized Energy System Using CCAM Model: Key to Greener Energy Mix and Sustainability in Nigeria

Abubakar Mas'Ud A., Wirba A.V., Muhammad-Sukki F., Albarracín R., Abu-Bakar S.H., Munir A.B., Bani N.A.2016. A review on the recent progress made on solar photovoltaic in selected countries of sub-Saharan Africa Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 62, 1 September 2016 Achakpo, G.C., Achakpo, M.N., Datau, S.G., and Martins, Y.D., 2015. “Harnessing Renewable Energy Sources in Nigeria: It?s Challenges and Implications”. Proceedings of the Inter- disciplinary Academic Conference on Uncommon Development, Vol. 4, No. 3, University of Jos. Adams S, Klobodu EKM, Opoku EEO (2016): Energy consumption, political regime and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Policy 96, 36- 44.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.029 Adewuyi AO& Awodumi OB (2017): Biomass energy consumption, economic growth and carbon emissions: Fresh evidence from West Africa using a simultaneous equation model. Energy 119, 453-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.059 Africa Report 2015: Renewables; green today, cheap tomorrow. Available a t: https://www.theafricareport.com/2917/energy- green-today-cheap-tomorrow/ DateAccessed:3rd April 2021. African Development Bank 2017: The new deal on energy for Africa. A transformative partnership to light up and power Africa by 2025. Update of implementation. Available at: https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic- Documents/Brochure_New_Deal_2_red.pdf. DateAccessed:16th April 2021. Aitken, M. (2010). Wind power and community benefits: challenges and opportunities. Energy Policy. 38, 6066-6075 Aliyu AK, Modu B, Tan CW (2018): A review of renewable energy development in Africa: A focus in South Africa, Egypt and Nigeria. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81, 2502- 2518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.055 Boisgibault L & Al Kabbani F (2020): Energy Transition in Metropolises, Rural Areas, and Deserts M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani,J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK BP (2020): Statistical Review of World Energy – all data 1965-2019 Community Energy Partnership Program (2011, March 10). Forming a community windpower cooperative.Webinar retrieved online, August 7, 2016 fromhttp://www.communityenergyprogram.ca/Resources/CEPPWebinars.aspx Edenhofer, O. et al. (eds.) (2011). Summary for policy makers- Special report renewable energy sources. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change EIA, 2015. Country Analysis Brief: Nigeria. US Energy Information Administration. Höök, M., 2009. Depletion and decline curve analysis in crude oil production Licentiate thesis, Global Energy Systems, Available at: http://www.diva-portal. Farrell, J. (2011). Maximizing jobs from clean energy- Ontario?s “Buy Local” energy policy. The New Rules Project- Institute for Local Self- Reliance. Retrieved online, July 1, 2016 from http://www.newrules.org/ Gibson, R.B. (2005). Sustainability assessment: Criteria and processes. London:Earthscan. Gipe, P. (2011). New record for German renewable energy in 2010. Renewable Energy World. Retrieved online, July16, 2016 from http://www.renewableenergyworld.com Green Peace International( 2014): Decentralizing Power: An Energy Revolution for the 21st Century, Canonbury Villas, London Available at www.greenpeace.org.uk .6-20 Gyamfi S, Derkyi NSA, Asuamah EY, Aduako IJA (2018): Chapter 6 - Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development. In: Kabo-Bah A , Diji CJ (Editors),Sustainable Hydropower in West Africa. Academic Press, pp. 75-94 Hafner M, Tagliapietra S, de Strasser L (2018): Prospects for Renewable Energy in Africa, Energy in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer InternationalPublishing, Cham, pp. 47-75 Hale, S. (2010). The new politics of climate change: why we are failing and how we will succeed. Environmental Politics. 19, 255-275. IEA (2019): Africa Energy Outlook 2019, IEA, Paris IEA (2020): SDG7: Data and Projections, IEA, Paris IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO (2020): Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report, World Bank, Washington DC IEA (2018): Global Status Report IRENA (2015): Africa 2030: Roadmap for a Renewable Energy Future, IRENA, Abu Dhabi Jaccard, M. (2005). Sustainable fossil fuels: The unusual suspect in the quest for clean and enduring energy. New York: Cambridge University Press. Krohn, S. (ed.) (2009). The economics of wind energy. Brussels: The European Wind Energy Association. Laleman, R. et al. (2011). Life cycle analysis to estimate the environmental impact of residential photovoltaic systems in regions with a low solar irradiation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 15, 267-281. Mandelli, S., Colombo, E., Barbieri, J., and Mattarolo, L., 2014. “Sustainable energy in Africa: A comprehensive data and policies review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 37: pp 656-686 Mohamed Shaaban& Petinrin J.O., 2014 Renewable energy potentials in Nigeria: Meeting rural energy needs Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 29, January 2014, Pages 72–84 Moyo JM, Krüger R, Belamine D (2017): Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Photovoltaic (PV): Has time come for solar energy in Africa? Mutezo G, Mulopo J (2021): A review of Africa's transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy using circular economy principles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 137, 110609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110609 OECD/IEA, 2010. Energy Poverty: How to make modern energy access universal? Special early excerpt of the World Energy Outlook 2010 for the UN General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goal. p. 52. Available at: http:// www.iea.org/IEAnews/4710/Poverty_jones.pdf. Oluoch S, Lal P, Susaeta A (2021): Investigating factors affecting renewable energy consumption: A panel data analysis in Sub Saharan Africa. Environmental Challenges 4, 100092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100092 REN21 2017: Global status report Shahbaz M, Solarin SA, Sbia R, Bibi S (2015): Does energy intensity contribute to CO2 emissions? A trivariate analysis in selected African countries. EcologicalIndicators 50, 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.007 Shove, E., Watson, M., Spurling, N., 2015. Conceptualizing co nnections: Energy demand, infrastructures and social practices. Eur. J. Soc. Theory 1–14. (in press).Available at: http://est.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1368431015579964 SolarReserve 2015: Letsatsi.Available at: https://en.reset.org/blog/africas- largest-solar-power- project-completed-01232015 Date Accessed:3rd April 2021. Trotter PA, McManus MC, Maconachie R (2017): Electricity planning and implementation in sub- Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 74, 1189- 1209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.001 Xu X, Wei Z, Ji Q, Wang C, Gao G (2019): Global renewable energy development: Influencing factors, trend predictions and countermeasures. Resources Policy 63, 101470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101470 World Bank, 2015. “Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)”. www.data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC . (Accessed: 27th August, 2016). www.ases.org/tag/geomodel-solar