Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Comparative Study on Fatty Acid Profiles of Selected Edible Insects and Animals in Africa: A Review

Thomas C. N., Kiin-Kabari D. B

Abstract

The quality of fats of eight (8) edible insects: Crickets (CK), Grasshoppers (GH), African palm weevil larvae (APWL) (Rhynchophorus phoenicis), Caterpillars of Imbrasia spp. (CIS), Soldier termite (ST) (Macrotermes bellicosus), Longhorned beetle larvae(LHBL) (Apomecyna parumpunctata), Palm beetle larvae (PBL) (Oryctes monoceros) and Compost beetle larvae (CBL) (O. boas) were evaluated by collating their fatty acid profiles and compared with fats from four (4) conventional animal sources (beef, pork, poultry and fish. Results showed that crickets had the highest quality of fats with higher Ps value of 105.75 having greater proportion of healthy polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic acid (45.63%) omega-6, linolenic acid (16%) omega-3 which combined with lower amount of myristic acid (0.5%) SFA. R. phoenicis had average fat conent (61.74%) with lower Ps value of 16.70, high amount of linoleic acid (45.46%) and lower amount of linolenic acid (4.19%) which combined with small proportion of saturated fatty acid (3.05%) to produce Ps value of 16.70. Grasshoppers have lower average fat content (6.44%) with linoleic acid (21.07%) plus two isomers of linolenic acid: ?- linoleic acid (22.5%) and ?-linolenic acid (14.76%), without saturated fatty acid, having Ps-value of 58.37. Caterpillars of Imbrasia spp had Ps value of 5.33 contained low palmitic acid (8.42%) SFA, possessed high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (44.89%) which consisted of linoleic acid (6.88%) omega-6 and - linolenic acid (38.01%) omega-3. Apomecyna parumpunctata larvae, M. bellicosus Orcytes monoceros and compost beetle (O. boas) contained higher amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) ranged between 30.91 - 57.04% and lower amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged between 0.85% - 13.3% with lower Ps values of 0.43, 0.35, 0.108 and 0.016, respectively. The crickets, grasshoppers, R. phoenicis larvae and caterpillars of Imbrassia spp. provided higher quality of fats than beef, pork

Keywords

fatty acidsPs valueedible insects and animal

References

Alamu O. T, Amgo A. O, Nwakedi C. I., Oke O. A. and Lawal I. O. (2013). Diversity and nutritional status of edible insects in nigeria: a review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation. 5 (4): 2015-222 Anthonia H. O and Isoum M. (1982). Nigeria Cookbook. London: Macmillian Press Bhulaidok, S. Sihamala, O. Oshen L. and Li. D (2010): Nutritional and fatty acid profiles of sun- dried black ants (Polyrhachisvicina Roger). Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. 4:101-112 Chen, X., Feng, Y., Chen, Z., (2009). Common edible insects and their utilization in China. Entomol. Res., 39: 299-303. Defoliart G. R. (1991). Insects fatty acids: similar to those of Poultry and Fish in their Degree of Unsaturation but higher Polyunsaturates. Food Insects News Letter. 4:1-4 Ekpo K.E, Onigbinde A.O and Asia I.O (2009): Pharmaceutical Potentials of the oils of some popular insects consumed in southern Nigeria. Afr J. Pharmacy X Pharmacology, 3; 51-57 FAO (2010): Review of Food consumption data on edible insects: Food and Agricultural Organization. The International Network of Food Data Systems (INFOOD). FAO. (2009): The State of Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2009 Fasoranti J. O and Ajiboye D. O. (1993): Some edible insects of Kwara State. American Entomologist, 39(2):113-116. Fast P. G. (1970): Insects lipids. In progress in the chemistry of fats and other lipids (R. T. Holman, ed.) vol. 11 pt 2: 181-242. Fox B. A. and Cameroon A. G. (1989): Food science, nutrition and health 5th edition. Edward Arnold, the educational academic medical division, hodder and Stoughton ltd, 41 bedford square London, WC133DQ. Harvard Heart Letter (2018): Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School (https://www.healthharvard.edu). Mann J. (1993): Diseases of the Heart and Circulation: The role of Dietary Factors in aetiology and management. In: Garrow JW, James eds. Human Nutrition and Dietetics, London: Churchill, Living Stone: Pp 619-650 Natural Resources Institute (1996): A Guide to Insect Pests of Nigerian Crops: Identification, Biology and control. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nigeria and Overseas Development Administration, UK. NRC (1988): National Research Council (1988). Designing Foods. Animal Products Options in the Market Place Washington D. C. National Academy press. Olowu, R. A. Moronkola B. A. Tovide, O. O., Denloye, A. A., Awokoya K. N., Sunday C. E. and Olujimi O. O. (2021)., Assessment of Proximate and minerals status of Rhinoceros beetle larva, Oryctes rhinoceros Linnaeus (1758) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Itokin, Llagos State, Nigeria. Res. J. Environmental Sci., 6: 118-124 Omotoso O. T and Adedire C. O. (2007): Nutrient composition, mineral content and solubility of the proteins of palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) (Coleoptera: Curculioidae), J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B.7:51-55. Payne C. R. L, Scarborough P, Rayner M. and Nonaka K. (2015): Are Edible insects more or less “Healthy” than commonly consumed meats? A comparison using two nutrient profiling models developed to combact over and under-nutrition. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, United kingdom. (www.nature.com/ejcn) Premalatha M, Abbasi T, Abbasi T, Abbasi SA (2011). Energy-efficient food production to reduce global warming and ecodegradation: The use of edible insects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy. Rev. 15: 4357–4360. Ramos Elorday J. Prado E. E. Perez M. A., Otero J. L and de Guevera O. L. (1997): Nutritional value of edible insects from the state of Qaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 10:142-157 Rumpold B. A. and Schluter O. K (2013): Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects. Nutri. Food Res. 57:802-823 Tasbonzan O. and Gekcee A. M. (2017): Fatty Acids in Fish Intech Open: Submitted: October 14th 2016, Reviewed: Feb. 21st 2017, Published: June 21st, 2017, DOI: 10.5772/68048 Thomas C. N. (2018) Nutritional Potentials of Edible Larvae of Longhorned beetle (Apomecynaparumpunctata) (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) in Niger Delta, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural and Earth Science. 4(3):46-51 Thomas C.N, Owuno F.A, and Kpe J.J (2021). Nutritional Value and Quality of Fats of Soldier termite (Macrotermes bellieosus; Isoptera) in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Annuals of Applied Sciences, 7(2):15-22. Thomas C.N, Kiin-Kabiri D.B and Briyai O.F (2014); Fatty Acid Composition of Edible larvae of Beetles (Oryctes spp) utilized as Human food in Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 5; 1-6 Thomas C. N. and Kiin-Kabari D. B. (2018): Protein Quality of Edible Larvae of Beetles (Orycte spp.) from Palms and Compost in Niger Delta, Nigeria; International Journal of Food Bioscience 1(2):1- 4. Thomas CN. (2003) Biology utilization and rearing of African palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis F) in palms of the Niger Delta, Nigeria [PhD Thesis]. Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Department of Biological Sciences, Rivers State University.S Thomas Commander N., Jacob P. Anankware, Onwugbuta O. Royal and Daniel Obeng-Ofori (2019): Econometrics of Domestication of the African Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis F) Production as Small-Scale Business in Ghana: IntechOpen, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90259 Vizcarrondo C. A., Padilla FC, and Martin E. G. (1998). Fatty acid Composition of Beef, Pork and Poultry fresh cuts and some of their processed products. Arch Latinoam Nutrition Dec. 1998; 48(4):354-358 Womeni, H. M. ; Linder, M. ; Tiencheu, B. ; Mbiapo, F. T. ; Villeneuve, P. ; Fannni, J. ; Parmentier, M., (2009). Oils of insects and larvae consumed in Africa: potential sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides 16: 230-235. Yoloye L. Victor (1988): Invertebrates 3rd edition Ilorin University Press, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria Umhau J. C. and Dauohinais K. M. (2007). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and health, Chapter in Book: Low Cost Approaches to promote physical and mental health (pp. 87- 101). (https://www.researchgate.net.2261) Malcicks M., Bertane V. and Jacintha E. (2018): An Evolutionary Perspective on Linoleic Acid Sythesis Evolutionary Biology, 45: 15-26.