IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (IJGEM )

E-ISSN 2504-8821
P-ISSN 2695-1878
VOL. 11 NO. 4 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.vol.11.no4.2025.pg12.24

---

Analysis of the Implication of Climate Change Policies on Urban Planning and Development in Calabar Metropolis.

Dede Chinyere Helen

---

Abstract

All aspects of Nigeria’s development are vulnerable to climate-related stressors. Its natural capital (including land, forests, landscapes, water, and fisheries) and physical capital (including cities, infrastructure, and other kinds of produced capital), as well as its human capital, are highly susceptible to the impact of climate change. Nigeria’s economy and other sectors of development are equally very vulnerable to climate change. Climate change affects the ability of natural capital, which is the main source of income and livelihoods for the majority of Nigerians, to deliver its wide range of products and services (including food, fodder, timber, and the regulation of water cycles), some of them vital. Extreme weather events, such as floods, storm surges, and heat waves can strain cities, roads, drainage systems, power plants, ports, and other types of infrastructure. Aso, climate change further threatens the national ability to build and maintain its human capital, particularly through health and education. The gloomy externalities of urban progress in the form of poor and inadequate housing, filth and decaying infrastructure and the progressive brutalization of man in such an environment are now casting doubts on the real essence of cities. Overwhelmed by the enormity of city problems, most governments in the developing countries continue to grope for solution, sometimes formulating self-contradicting, self-defeating policies. The paper examined the analysis of the implication of climate change policies on Urban planning and development in Calabar metropolis. However, the living conditions in Calabar Metropolis are outcomes of a gradual process of environmental degradation.

keywords:

Climate change, Urban planning, Development

---

References:

ALFIERI, L., FEYEN, L. & DI BALDASSARRE, G. (2016). Increasing flood risk under climate
change: a pan-European assessment of the benefits of four adaptation strategies. Climatic
Change, 136, 507-521.
Animashaun, I. A., (2007). The Residential Environmental in some neighbourhoods of
metropolitan Calabar, Nigeria, The social Educator 3 (1), 53-70.
Blair, T. L., 2019 “The International Urban Crisis”, St. Albans, Paldin.
EGBINOLA, C., OLANIRAN, H. & AMANAMBU, A. (2017). Flood management in cities of
developing countries: the example of Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Flood Risk
Management, 10, 546-554.
EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (2016). Adaptation of flood management plans.
Copenhagen: European Environment Agency.
FORESIGHT & GOVERNMENT OFFICE FOR SCIENCE ( 2010). Institutions and disaster
outcomes: successes, weaknesses and significant research needs London: Government
Office for Science.
FORZIERI, G., BIANCHI, A., SILVA, F. B. E., MARIN HERRERA, M. A., LEBLOIS, A.,
LAVALLE, C., AERTS, J. C. J. H. & FEYEN, L. (2018). Escalating impacts of climate
Gomes, C S & Moretto, E M (2011). A framework of indicators to support urban green area
planning: a Brazilian case study. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology
and Environmental Sciences, 1(1):47-56
Google Maps (2013). Location and coordinates of Calabar Metropolis and its environs. Retrieved
online
the
20th
of
July
2013
from
https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=4.95,8.325&q=loc:4.95,8.325&hl=en&t=m&z=12
Gourmelon, F., Bioret, F. R. and Le Berre, I., (2004). Historic land use changes and implications
for Management in a Small protected Island at Ushant, France, Patuxent wildlife
Research centre, USGS.
Hulme, M., Turnpenny, J. and Jenkins, G. (2002) Climate Change Scenarios for the United
Kingdom, The United Kingdom Climate Impacts Programme, Briefing Report.
Hulme, M., Wigley, T., Barrow, E., Raper, S., Cantella, A., Smith, S. and Chinpanshi, A. (2000)
Using a Climate Scenario Generator for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments:
MAGICC and SCENGEN, version 2.4 Workbook, Climatic Research Unit, Norwich,
UK.
Hansen, A. J. R., Knight, R. L., Marzluff, J. M.,Powell, S., Brown, K., Gude, P. H. and Jones, K.,
(2005). Effects of Exurban Development on Biodiversity: Pattern, mechanism and
research needs. Ecological Application 15:1893-1905.
IPCC (2000) Climate Change 1994: Radiation Forcing and Climate Change: An Evaluation of
the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios, available at http://www.ippc.com.
IPCC (2012) Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change,
Scientific and Technical Analysis, available at http://www.ippc.com.
IPCC
(2015)
Special
Report
on
Emission
Scenarios
1998,
available
at
http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/601.htm#1622.
IPCC (2000) ‘Good practice guidance and uncertainty management’, National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories. Working Group I, National GHG Inventories Programme, IGES, Hayama,
Kanagawa, Japan.
IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management
Vol. 11 No. 4 2025 E-ISSN 2504-8821 P-ISSN 2695-1878 www.iiardjournals.org
IIARD – International Institute of Academic Research and Development
Page 24
IPCC
(2001)
Changes
Around
the
Antarctic
Peninsula,
available
at
http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/601.htm#1622.
National Population Commission (1997). The 1991 Population Census of Nigeria Federal
Republic of Nigeria official Gazette, (2007) 94 (24) B183.
Ojo, K. and Oni, F. (2001) Fundamentals of Physical and Dynamic Climatology, pp.381–383.
SEDEC Publishers.
TINGSANCHALI, T.( 2012). Urban flood disaster management. Procedia Engineering, 32, 25-
WARD, P. J., PAUW, W. P., VAN BUUREN, M. W. & MARFAI, M. A. (2013). Governance of
flood risk management in a time of climate change: the cases of Jakarta and Rotterdam.
Environmental Politics, 22, 518-536.
WARD, P. J., PEREZ, E. C., DOTTORI, F., JONGMAN, B., LUO, T., SAFAIE, S. &
UHLEMANN?ELMER, S. (2018). The Need for Mapping, Modeling, and Predicting
Flood Hazard and Risk at the Global Scale. In: SCHUMANN, G. J. B., P. D; APEL H;
ARONICA, G.T (ed.) Global Flood Hazard: Applications in Modeling, Mapping, and
Forecasting. New Jersey: Wiley and Sons Inc.

DOWNLOAD PDF

---

Back