IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

Journal of Business and African Economy (JBAE )

E-ISSN 2545-5281
P-ISSN 2695-2238
VOL. 11 NO. 2 2025
DOI: 10.56201/jbae.v11.no2.2025.pg78.94

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Monetary policy and Commercial Bank performance: Evidence from Nigeria

NYECHE, Ezebunwo PhD, NWALA, Young Geofrey PhD

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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of monetary policy on commercial bank performance in Nigeria from 1990 to 2023, utilizing time series data sourced from the CBN Statistical Bulletin. The dependent variable used in this study is return on equity (ROE), while the independent variables are Money Supply (MS), Interest Rates (INTR), and Exchange Rates (EXR). The data analysis techniques employed include descriptive statistics, unit root tests, bounds cointegration, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation method, and residual diagnostics tests. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests reveal a mix of I(1) and I(0) series, indicating that the variables differ in their levels of integration. Evidence of cointegration was established, suggesting a long-term equilibrium relationship among the variables. The ARDL long-run results indicate that the impact of money supply on ROE is not statistically significant, with a coefficient of 0.031322 and a probability of 0.6137. This suggests that the long-term effects of money supply fluctuations on bank profitability are minimal. Similarly, neither interest rates nor exchange rates show a significant impact on ROE in the long run, indicating that while these factors affect bank performance in the short run, their long-term effects are negligible. Given these findings, this study concludes that while money supply, interest rates, and exchange rates contribute positively to commercial banks' performance, they do not significantly impact commercial banks' performance in Nigeria in the long run. Thus, it is recommended, among other things, that the Nigerian government should prioritize maintaining a stable monetary policy environment. This stability can foster predictability and confidence, encouraging long-term investment and growth in the banking sector. It is also recommended that the government should work with financial regulators to enhance banks' risk management capa

keywords:

Return on Equity, Money Supply, Interest Rates, Exchange Rates, Monetary, Policy

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