The Research Journal of Mass Communication and Information Technology (RJMCIT) is a highly esteemed, open access, international, peer-reviewed journal that is published monthly by the International Institute of Academic Research and Development (IIARD). The journal is dedicated to publishing high-quality, original research papers, case studies, review papers, literature reviews, book reviews, conceptual frameworks, analytical and simulation models, and technical notes from researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students from all around the world. The field of focus is Mass Communication and Information Technology.
The journal is published in both an online and print version and welcomes submissions from researchers and professionals in the field. It is an important platform for sharing knowledge and ideas, promoting scholarly research and encouraging intellectual exchange. The journal is committed to promoting the highest standards of academic excellence, and its articles are subjected to rigorous peer-reviews, ensuring that only the most relevant, accurate, and up-to-date information is published. It has a diverse readership including academic researchers, students, media professionals and policymakers. It is a valuable resource for those interested in the latest developments in the field of Mass Communication and Information Technology.
In addition to the above, RJMCIT is committed to providing a forum for the dissemination of cutting-edge research, new methodologies, and innovative ideas in the field of Mass Communication and Information Technology. The journal covers a wide range of topics including, but not limited to, media studies, journalism, communication science, information technology, digital media, advertising and public relations, and interdisciplinary studies related to these fields.
RJMCIT aims to foster a deeper understanding of the complex and rapidly changing landscape of Mass Communication and Information Technology, and to inspire new research and scholarly inquiry.
RJMCIT is indexed in several international databases and is accessible to researchers and scholars worldwide. The journal is also committed to ensuring that its articles are available to a wide audience, and as such, it offers free access to all of its articles. It is a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students in the field of Mass Communication and Information Technology and provides an important platform for the dissemination of new ideas and research findings.
Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts in areas of Mass Communication and Information Technology and other related areas that are not limited to:
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The DOI of this journal is: https://doi.org/10.56201/RJMCIT
VOL. 10 NO. 5 2024
Author(s): OSIKA, Tamuno Matthew, OCHONOGOR, Christopher Ifeakachukwu, NWACHUKWU, Fautinus Ginikanwa
Author(s): OTUOGHA, Austin Mathias, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson and OCHONOGOR, Christopher Ifeakachukwu
Author(s): GODWIN, Judith Worigwarum, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson, NWACHUKWU, Fautinus Ginikanwa
Author(s): ABBEY, Iyobu Thomas, OCHONOGOR, Christopher Ifeakachukwu (PhD), & ASADU, Afamefuna Clement Asadu (PhD)
Author(s): OLUWATOBI, Ajoke Oyedele, IHEJIRIKA Walter Chikwendu (Ph.D) & NWACHUKWU, Fautinus Ginikanwa
Author(s): Shehu Sidi Ibrahim, Abubakar Atiku Alkali
Author(s): Shehu Sidi Ibrahim and Abubakar Atiku Alkali
Author(s): OSIKA, Tamuno Matthew, OCHONOGOR, Christopher Ifeakachukwu, NWACHUKWU, Fautinus Ginikanwa
Author(s): OTUOGHA, Austin Mathias, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson and OCHONOGOR, Christopher Ifeakachukwu
Author(s): GODWIN, Judith Worigwarum, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson, NWACHUKWU, Fautinus Ginikanwa
Author(s): ABBEY, Iyobu Thomas, OCHONOGOR, Christopher Ifeakachukwu (PhD), & ASADU, Afamefuna Clement Asadu (PhD)
Author(s): OLUWATOBI, Ajoke Oyedele, IHEJIRIKA Walter Chikwendu (Ph.D) & NWACHUKWU, Fautinus Ginikanwa
Author(s): Shehu Sidi Ibrahim, Abubakar Atiku Alkali
Author(s): Shehu Sidi Ibrahim and Abubakar Atiku Alkali
Author(s): OLAWALE OYEWOLE, ROSELYN OLATOUN OLADEJI, ESE EUNICE ANENENE, OLAIDE AKINBO
Author(s): AWOFADEJU PETER OLAYINKA, ADEYEMO LATEEF ADEGBOYEGA, ADESANYA ABAYOMI, ODORUME AKPOBO
Author(s): Hyacinth Chimene Orlu - Orlu
Author(s): OLUWOLE FOLARANMI ALABI (Ph.D)
Author(s): Dr. Teibowei, Marie Therese
Author(s): Asiegbu, Emmanuel Chidubem PhD, Ezema, Chinonso Getrude
Author(s): Ogori J., Saror, S. F., Age, A. I. and Kughur, P. G.
Author(s): APATA Taiye, ASADU, Clement Afamefuna
Author(s): Ijeoma Dorathy Ajaero, Emmanuel C. Ejiofor, Chidiebere Alozie Nwachukwu and Ruth Ejimanya
Author(s): Chigozi Eke, Walter Chikwendu Ihejirika (Ph.D), Christopher Ifeakachukwu Ochonogor (Ph.D)
Author(s): Dr. Joseph Essuman, Emmanuel Aklasu, Stephen Osei Akyiaw
Author(s): Samuel, Otikor Njanubok, PhD, Ikechi, Chibitam Kem, PhD, Nikade, Anderson Akpoabowei, PhD
Author(s): Chike-Iyo, Frank, Udoudo, Aniefiok Jackson, Ochonogor, Christopher Ifeachukwu
Author(s): Akani, Godspower Henshaw, Ogan, Henrrenta Ingo, Osanebi, Chike Felix Jasmine and David, Confidence Onyinyechi
Author(s): Nwachukwu, Faustinus Ginikanwa, Mmadubuko, Chisom Vivian
Author(s): EZEOBI, Obinna Joseph, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson, MBAZIE, Sunny Chiawolamoke Jeremiah
Author(s): Osife-Kurex, Princess Onyeoma, Ochonogor, Christopher I., Sado, Austen
Author(s): Dr. Teibowei, Marie Therese
Author(s): Success Munachimso Nwanedo, Prof. Aniefiok J. Udoudo
Author(s): George, E. S., Tom-George, N. W. and George, R. O
Author(s): Abdullahi Mire Mohamed
Author(s): EKE Chigozi,
Author(s): OCHOR, Ruth Udoka, MBAZIE, Sunny Chiawolamoke Jeremiah (Ph.D), AGBO, Benedict Obiora (Ph.D)
Author(s): ADEYEMI, Muideen Opeyemi, OHIAGU, Obiageli Pauline, (Ph.D), USUA, Ntiense James, (Ph.D)
Author(s): Dr. Josiah Sabo Kente, Yunusa Saidu Adams
Author(s): Otuokere, Ifeanyi Charles, Emerole, Okwudili B., and Osuala, Alex E.
Author(s): Chukwuemeka Gloria Nwakego,PhD, Odogwu Christian Emeka, PhD, Ekweonu Chinedu Lawrence and Obi Evelyn Chinwe
Author(s): Chioma Njoku (PhD), Ifeanyi, Ebenezer Onyike and Moses, Chukwubuikem Ani
Author(s): Wellington, Ngozi PhD, Philip, Amune Asusheyi PhD, Njoku, Chioma PhD and Unigwe Betsy Ugochi
Author(s): NJOKU, Chinwe Celine, IHEJIRIKA Walter Chikwendu (PhD) and OHIAGU, Obiageli Pauline, (Ph.D)
Author(s): GEORGE, Nneoma Nora, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson and NWACHUKWU, Fautinus Ginikanwa
Author(s): MAJOR, Onyinyechi Esther-Washington, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson and ASADU, Clement Afamefuna
Author(s): Onukak, Wisdom Okon, Ogunleye, Iyanuoluwa Abiola and Butum, Grace Allan
Author(s): Akinola Victoria O., Akinola Joseph A.,
Author(s): Awofadeju Peter Olayinka, Taiwo Tobiloba Florence, Odorume Akpobo, Mr. Kwembili Christian
Author(s): Toyo, Oghenevwogaga David
Author(s): Ojenike, B., Odugbemi, J.B. & Ojenike, J.O.
Author(s): Kayode Sunday Osundina Ph.D
Author(s): Cecilia Watetu Mugambi, Prof. Raymond Wafula Ongus
Author(s): Utulu, Anthony U., Aiyesimoju, Ayodeji A. & Okeya, Omotayo A.
Author(s): O.E Ogunseemi, M.G Adewumi, and A.O Dele-Rotimi
Author(s): DR. WILLIAMS, CHETA & ADESOPE, REBECCA YINKA
Author(s): Dr. Md. Emdad Hasnayen, Mst. Saria Sultana
Author(s): MRS. OMOLOLA OLUWASOLA
Author(s): DR. WILLIAMS, CHETA & ADESOPE, REBECCA YINKA
Author(s): Dr. Aborisade Philip Olubunmi, Ogechi Ofurum, Loko Ebiwoni Tob
Author(s): Dr. Aborisade Philip Olubunmi, Ogechi Ofurum, Loko Ebiwoni Tob
Author(s): Nwadigo Emmanuel chijioke
Author(s): Dr. Nwinadum Gbenenee
Author(s): Odionye, Chinwe Mirian
Author(s): Dr. Kaluvoya Anitha
Author(s): Odionye, Chinwe Mirian
Author(s): David O. Toyo
Author(s): Ben U. Nwanne (Ph.D)
Author(s): Toyo, David Oghenevwogaga
Author(s): Akpan, Udo Usiere (Ph.D)
Author(s): Kpae, Gbenemene (Ph.D) and Adishi, Eric (Ph.D)
Author(s): Akpan, Udo Usiere (PhD Student)
Author(s): Ani, Moses Chukwubuikem, Nyekwere, Endwell Onyinye and Chiaha, Chukwuemeka
Author(s): Oluwasola, Omolola, Obajuluwa Tiwalola & Ibitoye, Pius
Author(s): Manji Wapshak Kumdi and Mang, Niri Job
Author(s): Otikor, Confidence & Otikor, Samuel
Author(s): Amesi, J. (PhD) & Yellowe, I. T.
Author(s): Aminu Hamajoda (PhD)
Author(s): James, Adebayo John and Akintunde, Bamidele Anthony (Ph.D)
Author(s): Aminu Hamajoda (PhD)
Author(s): Obinna Nwodim Ph.D
Author(s): Tsebee Asor Kenneth (PhD) AND Odorume, Akpobo Emokiniovu
Author(s): Ukachukwu Eugenia N. (Mrs) AND Babansoro Shitu
Author(s): Akinrosoye, A. Idowu & Isamuko B. J.
Author(s): Okpokwasili, Nonyelum P (Ph.D)
Author(s): Okpokwasili, Nonyelum P. (Ph.D)
Author(s): Uwem Udo Akpan & Nsikan Senam
Author(s): Nsikan-Abasi Sam Nkana Ph.D, MNIPR & Enobong Nsikan Nkana
Author(s): Peter Esuh & Aniekan John Umanah
Author(s): Nnamdi Chinedu Nwanyanwu Ph.D
Author(s): Allen Nnanwuba A., Ogochukwu Charity E., Ojinime E. O., & Ogochukwu O.
Author(s): Dibie, V. M; Ukpai, K. U; Uwasomba, C. E. & Udeagha, K. K.
Author(s): Kolade Apata1 & Samuel Oluniyi Ogunwuyi
Author(s): Samuel, Otikor Njanubok and Ihejirika, Walter C
Author(s): Nwosu, J. N.; Udoudo, A. J. and Ohiagu, O. P.
Author(s): Onyekosor, A.I.; Okon, G.B. and Orlu-Orlu, H.C.
Author(s): Jamal Elattresh & Khalid Ramadan & Elattresha
Author(s): Ochonma, Ogbonnia G PhD AND Chijioke, Olive U MSc
Author(s): Dr. Hillary Wordu., Joy Abinye Ogolo., & Chisom Eme Isiah
Author(s): Ayo-Obiremi IfeKristi & Adelabu Omowale
Author(s): Salem Abdulali Ahmed Abdulali & Yasemin Gültepe
Author(s): Uwaoma Uche Ph.D AND Quinette Ngozi Chinyere M.
Author(s): Uwaoma Uche PhD AND Ugwueze Ikonne & Nkechinyere Udochu
Author(s): Hillary Wordu (PhD) & Kechinyere Chinda
Author(s): Brisibe Oyinkepreye
Author(s): Uwaoma Uche (Ph.D), Chidinma Nwosu F. Vivan Okezie AND Ugorji Christian Nwabueze
Author(s): Uwaoma Uche PhD, Ugorji Christian Nwabueze AND Adeline Nkwam-uwaoma PhD
Author(s): Christiana Hammond AND Langmia Kehbuma
Author(s): Ita, Oyokunyi Otu Samson, Aniebo Nkereuwem, Emem
Author(s): OLADAPO Oludare Samuel, Ph. D
Author(s): OLADAPO Oludare Samuel, Ph.D
Author(s): Alawa Louis & Okon Godwin B. (Ph.D)
Author(s): Godspower Udoh, Nsikan Senam & Abasiama Peters
Author(s): Akulughan Aselemi Godsgift & Dr. Richard N. Amadi
Author(s): Joy Ngozi Okoroafor & Barigbon Gbara Nsereka, Ph.D
Author(s): Nwiedorbu, Baridakara Sorle & Nsereka, Barigbon Gbara Ph.D
Author(s): Osere, Nkem Janefrances, Udoudo, Aniefiok Jackson and Ohiagu, Obiageli Pauline
Author(s): Osere, Nkem Janefrances, Udoudo, Aniefiok Jackson & Ohiagu, Obiageli Pauline
Author(s): Godam Eric Gbeneka(PhD), Harold, Godsgift Odiepiriye (PhD) & Nwinaene, Vivian-Peace
Author(s): Jesse Ishaku
Author(s): kennedy M.C Obi, Prof. Godwin B. Okon & Dr Sunny J. Mbazie
Author(s): Agwuma, Precious Ogechi
Author(s): Adaobi Olivia Okeke (PhD), Chibuike Julius Nwosu (Ph.D), Elozona Chinwe Okpala, Chinazom Lilian Ajagu
Author(s): Flora Gordon Nnah, CLN & 2 Bassey Charlotte Enang
Author(s): Dr. Gabriel T. Nyitse , AgakuTerhile , Clayton Cordelia
Author(s): Prof. Margaret Emalerata AKPOMI, Charles Befii NWILE, PhD & NumbaraBari Emmanuel KAYII, PhD
Author(s): Ita, Oyokunyi Otu, Edet,Abia, Attang, Akanimo Christian, Okon, Elsie Edet
Author(s): Esther E. Archibong, Esq, Kene-Unwana Trenchard Ibia, Esq, George Susana Kennedy, George Williams Kennedy
Author(s): Christiana Hammond Naa Korkor Leeyoo Watson-Nortey Belinda Osei-Mensah
Author(s): Alawa, Louis (M.Sc)
Author(s): Alawa, Louis (M.Sc)
Author(s): Adanma Vivian OBIORA, PhD. Anthony Ogbonna UCHE, PhD
Author(s): Eneh John Wilson, Aniefiok Udoudo, PhD, Oby Ohiagu, PhD
Author(s): Ikechi, Chibitam Kem, Prof W.C. Ihejrika,Dr S.C. Mbazie
Author(s): Dada, Gloria Cynthia
Author(s): Edache-Ochekwu, Elizabeth, Udoudo, Aniefiok Jackson, Nwachukwu, Faustinus Ginikanwa
Author(s): Sana Ibrahim Shatwan, Weiam S. Elsaghair
Author(s): Aninye-Ranor Chineze Linda, Idele Emezamena Fredrick
Author(s): Ukaegbu, Michael Ibe, PhD., Efetobor, O. Elijah, PhD., Kamalu, Kingsley Kamalu
Author(s): Kate Sem-Ackah, Abena Abokoma Asemanyi, Belinda Osei-Mensah, Akosua Asantewaa Anane
Author(s): Okuoyibo, Monday Azuka (lead Author), Okorefe, Charles Odeyovwi, Lazarus Ifeanyi Okoroji
Author(s): Samuel, Otikor Njanubok, PhD, Samuel, Confidence Otikor, PhD, Utomi, Sophie Onyinye
Author(s): EKE, Chigozi Ph.D Students,BUFUMOH, Akpoebi Alex Ph.D, YIBOWEI, Nelson Ebiware Ph.D
Author(s): EKE, Chigozi., ADEYEMI, Muideen Opeyemi., OCHOR, Ruth Udoka.
Author(s): Konye Cynthia Ikems, Ph.D and Hillary Obinna Nwoziri
Author(s): EKE, Chigozi., ADEYEMI, Muideen Opeyemi,
Author(s): EKE, Chigozi, BUFUMOH, Akpoebi (PhD)., NDIONYENMA, Juliet Progress, GEORGE, Nneoma Nora, YIBOWEI, Nelson Ebiware (PhD).
Author(s): Chigozi Eke, Opeyemi Muideen Adeyemi
Author(s): EKE, Chigozi, YIBOWEI, Nelson Ebiware (PhD)., BUFUMOH, Akpoebi (PhD)., NDIONYENMA, Juliet Progress, GEORGE, Nneoma Nora
Author(s): EKE, Chigozi, Opeyemi Muideen Adeyemi
Author(s): Osere, Janefrances Nkem (Ph.D) & Prof. Christopher Ifeakachukwu Ochonogor
Author(s): Chukwuemeka John Ekechukwu, Victor Chibueze Nwogbo Ph.D, Ijeoma Dorathy Ajaero Ph.D
Author(s): ANI, Moses Chukwubuikem (Ph.D), NJOKU, Chioma (Ph.D), ONYIKE, Ifeanyi Ebenezer (Ph.D)
Author(s): EZE, Chigozi, 2 BUFUMOH, Akpoebi (PhD)., 3 NDIONYENMA, Juliet Progress 4 YIBOWEI, Nelson Ebiware (PhD). 5 GEORGE, Nneoma Nora
Author(s): Isaac Wamalwa Manje
Author(s): Dr. Teibowei, Marie Therese
Author(s): Asiegbu, Emmanuel Chidubem PhD, Ezema, Chinonso Getrude
Author(s): Ogori J., Saror, S. F., Age, A. I. and Kughur, P. G.
Author(s): APATA Taiye, ASADU, Clement Afamefuna
Author(s): Ijeoma Dorathy Ajaero, Emmanuel C. Ejiofor, Chidiebere Alozie Nwachukwu and Ruth Ejimanya
Author(s): Chigozi Eke, Walter Chikwendu Ihejirika (Ph.D), Christopher Ifeakachukwu Ochonogor (Ph.D)
Author(s): Dr. Joseph Essuman, Emmanuel Aklasu, Stephen Osei Akyiaw
Author(s): Samuel, Otikor Njanubok, PhD, Ikechi, Chibitam Kem, PhD, Nikade, Anderson Akpoabowei, PhD
Author(s): Chike-Iyo, Frank, Udoudo, Aniefiok Jackson, Ochonogor, Christopher Ifeachukwu
Author(s): Akani, Godspower Henshaw, Ogan, Henrrenta Ingo, Osanebi, Chike Felix Jasmine and David, Confidence Onyinyechi
Author(s): Nwachukwu, Faustinus Ginikanwa, Mmadubuko, Chisom Vivian
Author(s): EZEOBI, Obinna Joseph, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson, MBAZIE, Sunny Chiawolamoke Jeremiah
Author(s): Osife-Kurex, Princess Onyeoma, Ochonogor, Christopher I., Sado, Austen
Author(s): Dr. Teibowei, Marie Therese
Author(s): Success Munachimso Nwanedo, Prof. Aniefiok J. Udoudo
Author(s): George, E. S., Tom-George, N. W. and George, R. O
Author(s): Abdullahi Mire Mohamed
Author(s): EKE Chigozi,
Author(s): OCHOR, Ruth Udoka, MBAZIE, Sunny Chiawolamoke Jeremiah (Ph.D), AGBO, Benedict Obiora (Ph.D)
Author(s): ADEYEMI, Muideen Opeyemi, OHIAGU, Obiageli Pauline, (Ph.D), USUA, Ntiense James, (Ph.D)
Author(s): Dr. Josiah Sabo Kente, Yunusa Saidu Adams
Author(s): Otuokere, Ifeanyi Charles, Emerole, Okwudili B., and Osuala, Alex E.
Author(s): Chukwuemeka Gloria Nwakego,PhD, Odogwu Christian Emeka, PhD, Ekweonu Chinedu Lawrence and Obi Evelyn Chinwe
Author(s): Chioma Njoku (PhD), Ifeanyi, Ebenezer Onyike and Moses, Chukwubuikem Ani
Author(s): Wellington, Ngozi PhD, Philip, Amune Asusheyi PhD, Njoku, Chioma PhD and Unigwe Betsy Ugochi
Author(s): NJOKU, Chinwe Celine, IHEJIRIKA Walter Chikwendu (PhD) and OHIAGU, Obiageli Pauline, (Ph.D)
Author(s): GEORGE, Nneoma Nora, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson and NWACHUKWU, Fautinus Ginikanwa
Author(s): MAJOR, Onyinyechi Esther-Washington, UDOUDO, Aniefiok Jackson and ASADU, Clement Afamefuna
Author(s): Onukak, Wisdom Okon, Ogunleye, Iyanuoluwa Abiola and Butum, Grace Allan
Research Articles written in English are invited from interested scholars and researchers in the academic community and other establishment for publication in the RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MASS COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. An author who wish to submit an article for publication, should note that the article has not been submitted elsewhere nor is it for consideration in another journal. The article should be the original work of the author. IIARD welcomes and acknowledges high quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, case studies, review papers, literature reviews, book reviews, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, technical note; from researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners and students all over the world for publication.
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