The International Journal of Banking and Finance Research (IJBFR) is an Open Access, international peer-reviewed journal published monthly by the International Institute of Academic Research and Development (IIARD). It is devoted to providing a forum for the exchange of knowledge and ideas in the field of Banking and Finance.
IJBFR welcomes and acknowledges contributions from researchers, academicians, practitioners, and students from all over the world. The journal publishes a broad range of articles, including theoretical and empirical original research papers, case studies, literature reviews, book reviews, conceptual frameworks, analytical and simulation models, and technical notes. All submitted manuscripts are carefully reviewed to ensure the highest quality of published work.
IJBFR is available in both online and print versions and provides a platform for researchers to share their findings, stimulate debate, and foster collaboration between academics and practitioners. The journal strives to become a leading source for the latest developments and research in the field of Banking and Finance.
Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripts in areas of Banking and Finance and other related areas that are not limited to:
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The DOI of this journal is: https://doi.org/10.56201/IJBFR
VOL. 10 NO. 7 2024
Author(s): Aza, Ibrahim Eyigege
Author(s): Aza, Ibrahim Eyigege
Author(s): Udo Edemeka, Dr. Eno Ukpong, Dr. Uwem E. Uwah
Author(s): Sholokwu, Boniface Monday
Author(s): EFUNTADE, Olubunmi Omotayo, Ph.D. EFUNTADE, Alani Olusegun, Ph.D.
Author(s): ABARIKA Christian, OBOREH Christian
Author(s): Aza, Ibrahim Eyigege
Author(s): Aza, Ibrahim Eyigege
Author(s): Udo Edemeka, Dr. Eno Ukpong, Dr. Uwem E. Uwah
Author(s): Sholokwu, Boniface Monday
Author(s): EFUNTADE, Olubunmi Omotayo, Ph.D. EFUNTADE, Alani Olusegun, Ph.D.
Author(s): ABARIKA Christian, OBOREH Christian
Author(s): Iwedi Marshal and Igbanibo Dumini Solomon
Author(s): Lucky Anyike Lucky & Henry Waleru Akani, Anyamaobi Chukwuemeka
Author(s): Yimka S. A. Alalade, James A. Oguntodu, Victor A. Adelakun
Author(s): Joseph Osenweokwu Ojeme
Author(s): Ogunbiyi, Sunday Samuel Ph.D, Okunlola, Funso Abiodun
Author(s): Abiola Abosede Solanke, & Ijeoma Manukaji, Kabiru Dandago Isa
Author(s): Iwedi Marshal, Okey-Nwala Precious Onyinye & Wachukwu Iheanacho Princewill
Author(s): Ibe, Reginald Chijioke & Olulu-Briggs, Omiete Victoria
Author(s): Uruakpa, Peter Chinyere, Ph.D
Author(s): Uruakpa, Peter Chinyere, Ph.D
Author(s): Moyotole Daniel EZUEM, Ph.D, Mrs. Barileera Victory SAGBARA, Ph.D
Author(s): Victor Chukwunweike EHIEDU & Kate O. NWAOKOCHA
Author(s): Dr. Ohaji Evans Chukwudi Paulinus (B.Eng, M.Eng, PhD), Dr. Ifeako, Maureen
Author(s): Ogan, Henrientta Ingo and Akani, Godspower Henshaw
Author(s): ELOUNDOU Etienne François
Author(s): Udonde, Unyime Emmanuel, Etuk, Aniebiet
Author(s): Obim, Edim Ndifon and Prof Ezeudu, Jude Ikenna
Author(s): Michael O. Ndugbu Kingsley C. Otiwu Chukwunyeaka Linus Okafor
Author(s): Dr. OKIRIDU, Obulord S. Frank and OGBOSEI, Grace Osatoamen
Author(s): Goodness Awa Ibem, Joseph U. B. Azubike & Sarah-Joy Eleojo Onuche
Author(s): Dr BAGHEBO Michael, NNAMANI, Chinyere Scholarstica
Author(s): LENYIE, Leesi
Author(s): Dr. Chituru Wike, Dr. Buloh Abelta Kpekpe, Dr. Daniel Ikezam Nwonodi
Author(s): Professor Godson Ikechi Anyanwu
Author(s): J. N. Ojiegbe, Peter. O. Ihejirika, Ihejiamaizu Princess Amarachi
Author(s): G. I Anyanwu, P. Ihejirika, Fortune Bella Charles
Author(s): Ele, Linus Egwu, Michael, Emmanuel Ikpe
Author(s): B. O. Osuka, K. C. Otiwu, Nwabeke Chidinma Elizabeth
Author(s): Akpokerere, Othuke Emmanuel Ph.D & Aninoritse Lisa Edafiaje
Author(s): Ele, Linus Egwu, Ocheni Godwin Arome, Orji, Joseph Ogbonna, Iteire, Abighe Curtis
Author(s): Nwosu, N. F., Dialoke, I. & Otuokere, I .C.
Author(s): James A. Sarakiri (Ph.D)
Author(s): Ejinkonye, Remigius Chinwoke (PhD), Adiga, Dauda Leviticus (PhD), Nwosu, Samuel N. (PhD), Mazeli, Edith Nkiruka (PhD)
Author(s): ONYENAGUBOM, Christian and NONGU, Aondoaseer Moses
Author(s): Chinedu Samuel Okereke & Okezie Stella Ogechukwu
Author(s): Ado Bappayo, Alahaji Kawugana
Author(s): Alhaji Kawugana PhD, Shuaibu Said Abdullahi, Ayanwuyi Johnson
Author(s): Ozor, Kelechukwu C. PhD, Nwoko, Nnena Mercy, PhD and Efanga, Udeme Okon, PhD
Author(s): Dr. Cyprian Okey Okoro, Festus Ndubuisi Nkwo and Edeh, Ijeoma Thelma
Author(s): Mbanefo Patrick Amaechi, Ph.D
Author(s): Edori, Iniviei Simeon, Ogbulu, Onyemachi Maxwell, Okanta, Sunday Ukeje
Author(s): Agoh, Ndubuisi, Ogbulu, Onyemachi Maxwell, Okanta, Sunday Ukeje
Author(s): Daniel Ikezam Nwonodi
Author(s): Abel H’sown Iyeneomie and Lucky Anyike Lucky
Author(s): Prof Ezeike-Obuna Miriam Ekwutosi, Prof Prince Adonai Okonkwo, Prof. N. M. Ile
Author(s): NWANNA, Ifeanyi Onyenwe (Ph.D)
Author(s): Chukwuocha, Chidinma K , Dialoke Ikechukwu (Ph.D) and Prof. Alex Osuala
Author(s): Obim, Edim Ndifon and Prof Ezeudu, Jude Ikenna
Author(s): Confidence Joel IHENYEN (PhD, A CA), Kelvin Eberechukwu EHIOGU, James Alabor ODONI
Author(s): Ibrahim Mohammed Babbuli (Ph.D) and Danjuma Mohammed (Ph.D)
Author(s): ANDABAI, Priye Werigbelegha, Ph.D
Author(s): ANDABAI, Priye Werigbelegha, Ph.D
Author(s): Oloto, Ngozi U.
Author(s): Monogbe Tunde Gabriel, Edori Inivia Semion & Iki Barnabas Akpoede
Author(s): John Okey Onoh
Author(s): Chude, Nkiru Patricia
Author(s): Maryann N. Igbodika, Jessie I. Chukwunulu
Author(s): LUCKY ANYIKE LUCKY, UZAH CHETA KINGSLEY
Author(s): Adamgbo, Suka Lenu Charles, Igbasra N. Felix
Author(s): LUCKY ANYIKE LUCKY, NWOSI, ANELE ANDREW
Author(s): Ofor Nkechi Theresa, Manukaji Ijeoma Juliana
Author(s): Oyedele Oloruntoba Stephen, Emerah Ajevata Apollos, Adegoke.J.E
Author(s): IRONKWE, Uwaoma. I. Ph.D, OGLEKWU, Martha
Author(s): Adebayo G. ADEBAYO
Author(s): Henry Waleru Akani, Dr. Ifeanyi Nwanna and Prof. Alex Mbachu
Author(s): Onoh, John Okey
Author(s): Abdullahi Muhammad
Author(s): Riadh Brini and Hatem Jemmali
Author(s): Shehu Inuwa Galoji
Author(s): Ajibola, Joseph Olusegun, (Ph.D)
Author(s): Onoh, John Okey (Ph.D) and Eugene Iheanacho (Ph.D)
Author(s): Nordiana Osagie Davies
Author(s): Kurotamunobaraomi, Tamunosiki and Ebiware, Adekitanke Ejiodamen
Author(s): Okafor, Chioma Nnenna & Ogbonna, Kelechukwu Stanley and Okeke, Chinwe Ijeoma
Author(s): Ekanem Edem Udo Udo (PhD), Alhaji Abiso Kabir, Adeogun Bukola Simeon (PhD) and Adeniyi M. Yusuff
Author(s): Pavtar, Augustine Agir
Author(s): Joseph Osenweokwu Ojeme
Author(s): Mbanasor, Christian Okechukwu (Ph.D) and Obioma, James
Author(s): Okanta, Sunday Ukeje (Ph.D) and Idika, Joel Ekeleme
Author(s): Ndugbu, Michael O. (Ph.D), Duruechi, Anthony H. & Ojiegbe, Josephine N. (Ph.D)
Author(s): Ifeanyi O. Nwanna (Ph.D) & Francis Chinedu Oguezue
Author(s): Obioma, James and Charles Onyebueke
Author(s): Alhaji Kawugana and Faruna Simon Faruna
Author(s): Michael Chukwunaekwu Nwafor
Author(s): Kola Adegoke & Yusuf Olatunji, Oyedeko
Author(s): Richard Osadume, FCA, PhD and Vitalis Obialom
Author(s): Richard Osadume, FCIB, PhD and Steve Ibenta (Ph.D)
Author(s): Ebire, Kolawole and Ogunyinka, Suleiman Femi
Author(s): Ani U. Wilson (PhD) and Ogar, Anthony
Author(s): Gbalam Peter Eze (Ph.D)
Author(s): Amenawo I. Offiong (PhD), Hodo B. Riman (PhD) AND James G. Bassey (PhD Candidate)
Author(s): Uruakpa, Peter Chinyere, (Ph.D)
Author(s): Prof. B. O. Osuka & Ezedike G. O.
Author(s): Hycenth Owui
Author(s): C. Emefiele, E. N. Obim & R. I. Ita
Author(s): Jurbe Yibis Gopar & Augustine Okpaje Eba
Author(s): Jessie I. Chukwunulu, Vincent N. Ezeabasili & MaryAnn N. Igbodika
Author(s): Joseph U. B. Azubike
Author(s): Gbalam Peter Eze (PhD)
Author(s): Samuel M. Takon & Stephen E. Nkamare
Author(s): Nordiana Osagie Davies, Imo Casmir Chibuzo
Author(s): Ihejirika, Peters O.
Author(s): Obim, E. N., Takon, S. M. & Mgbado, M. U.
Author(s): Efanga Udeme Okon AND Etim Raphael S. & Jeremiah Mfon S.
Author(s): Obim E. N., Owui H. O. & Nkamare S. E. AND Ekanem B. C.
Author(s): Ulokoaga Daniel Ayegbeni
Author(s): Takon, S. M. & Ita, R. I.
Author(s): Asuquo Ekpeyong, Emefiele Charles, Olugbemi Kolawole O. & Ita Richard Ita
Author(s): Okoro, C. E. (PhD); Obiekwe, C. J. (Ph.D); Okoro, O. K
Author(s): Uwaoma Uche Ph.D, Chinyere Ezeh AND Johnson Anene PhD
Author(s): Ekpete, Marshall Simon (Ph.D) & Iyo, Ipeghan (Ph.D) AND Ekpete, Kingsley Simon
Author(s): Asukwo Joseph Ita; Owui, Hycenth O.; Olugbemi Modupe Dunsin, & Ita, Richard Ita
Author(s): Chidi-Okeke, Chioma Nnenna (Ph.D) & Nwanna, Ifeanyi Onyenwe (Ph.D)
Author(s): Arikekpar, Obaima Ateibueri
Author(s): Omaliko Emeka L. M.Sc, AMNIM, AIPMA, PDE AND Okpala Ngozi Eugenia. M.Sc, PDE
Author(s): Obafemi, Tunde Olutokunboh (Ph.D), Araoye, Felix Ebun (Ph.D, FCA, ACIT)
Author(s): Omaliko Emeka L. M.Sc, AMNIM, AIPMA, PDE
Author(s): Joseph Osenweokwu Ojeme, Aliyu Tanko & Lucky Otame
Author(s): Oboro Oghenero Godday & Ukolobi Israel
Author(s): Nwaoha, Ndubuisi Stanley & Onyeguli, Chinenye Clare
Author(s): Nkamare, Stephen Ekpo, Odia, Juliu, Wokoma, Tamuno-Inam Nicholas, Oko, S. Ogar
Author(s): Obiora Fabian. Phd & Ujam Oluchukwu Juliet
Author(s): Fasilat Olalere (Ph.D)
Author(s): Onuora. J. K. J. PhD, Obiora Fabian. PhD & Aniesodo Ebele. A
Author(s): Onuora, J. K. J. Ph.D, Obiora Fabian. Ph.D & Joshua Ngozi. G
Author(s): Okore Amah Okore, PhD. Anthony Odinakachukwu Nwadiubu, PhD
Author(s): Okeke Ijeoma Chinwe (Ph.D)
Author(s): Ifeanyi O. Nwanna (Ph.D) & Ijeoma Chinwe Okeke (Ph.D)
Author(s): Okeke Onyekachi Nath, Orjinta, Hope Ifeoma (PhD) & Ofor, Nkechi, T. (PhD)
Author(s): Omeruruike Gideon Wobo , Deebom Zorle Dum
Author(s): EFUNTADE, Olubunmi Omotayo EFUNTADE, Alani Olusegun
Author(s): Monday A. Gbanador, PhD ,Emmanuel U. Makwe, PhD ,Oladele Akeeb Olushola
Author(s): Nanaka S.O, Essi I.D, Nafo , N. M. & Deebom Z.D
Author(s): Nwabeke Chidinma Elizabeth M.Sc, Nathaniel Chinedum Nwezeaku Ph.D, Nzotta Samuel Mbadike Ph.D, Uzoamaka Chris-Ejiogu Ph.D and Sampson Ikenna Ogoke M.Sc
Author(s): Usman Ibrahim Zwal (CO- Researcher)
Author(s): Emefiele, Charles Chike, Akeh, Monica Ukongim., Stanley Chioma, Ononiwu Ethelbert & Nkamare Stephen
Author(s): Akeh, Monica Ukongim., Asukwo, Joseph Ita., Bekom Omang, Emefiele, Charles Chike, & Nkamare Stephen
Author(s): EFUNTADE, Alani Olusegun, FCIB, ACA , EFUNTADE, Olubunmi Omotayo
Author(s): Agada, Franklin Ayibatunimibofa Ekiye Ebipuamere & Tema Lucky
Author(s): Adolphus Joseph Toby, Samuel Dibiah
Author(s): Dr. (Mrs) Zukbee Sira Austin
Author(s): Odey, Ferdinand Ite, Ph.D 1 & Oko, Innocent Odey
Author(s): Ebieri JONES, Ihechinyerem Chidozie OHIAGU, Grace Nkechi EKWONYE and Chinatu UBALI
Author(s): Duruechi, Anthony H. Ph.D, Chigbu, Sussan U. Ph.D, Ukpong, Utitofon Morgan
Author(s): SABOROGHA, Uchechi Boneri, AGBAM, Azubuike Samuel
Author(s): Mbanefo Patrick Amaechi
Author(s): Lucky Anyike Lucky and Ibulubo Francis Tamunoiduabia
Author(s): UCHE, Stella Chisom, NWONYE, Nnenna G., UGWUANYI, Callista Chinenye, UKPAI, Kalu Ukpai
Author(s): Prof. Madubuko Cyril Ubesie, Ngozi Ibezim & Mgbobi Cyriacus
Author(s): Eneisik Gogo Erasmus, PhD; Moses Kpane Uwikor & Ayasa Juanah Fred
Author(s): Mohamed Aymen Ben Moussa & Hana Marzouk
Author(s): Dr. Kabir Adeniyi Yagboyaju, Dr. Ikwuagwu, Henry Chinedu
Author(s): Fort-Edward, Uchenna Ugochi Nwaguru, Wisdom Ezemnd
Author(s): LENYIE, Leesi and Umasom Philip
Author(s): EFUNTADE, Alani Olusegun, FCIB, FCA. EFUNTADE, Olubunmi Omotayo, PhD
Author(s): Mayah Eunice, Onuigwe, Gladys Chiebonam
Author(s): Onoh, Uloma Adonye, Agbaeze, Clifford Chilasa, Chukwu Peter Damian Ezechi
Author(s): Kolawole Ebire, Lucky O. Onmonya, Christopher Enny Ofikwu, Maurie Nneka Nwala
Author(s): EFUNTADE, Olubunmi Omotayo, PhD, Efuntade, Alani Olusegun, FCIB, FCA
Author(s): Ikubor Augustine, Agubata N. S. (Ph.D) and David Sunday
Author(s): Lawrence, U. Egbadju
Author(s): Wogu, Chinwendu Amblessed , Ejem, Chukwu Agwu , Effe-Nnamdi, Ann Chinenye
Author(s): Benson Emmanuel, PhD, Ajam Peter Ngbede
Author(s): Lawrence, U. Egbadju
Author(s): Kyriazopoulos Georgios, Kogkouli Aphrodite
Author(s): Ejem, Chukwu Agwu , Nwakodo, Ogechi Blessing , Effe-Nnamdi, Ann Chinenye
Author(s): Benson Emmanuel PhD, Ogaga, Timiepere Cornelius
Author(s): Awa, Michael Uduma, Prof. B.O. Osuka and Dr. K.C. Otiwu
Author(s): Dr. (Mrs) Zukbee Sira Austin
Author(s): Makwe, Emmanuel Uzoma (Ph.D)
Author(s): Didia, James U. D., Ehio, Victor Nzeyele, Higherking, Eucharia and Akani, Godspower Henshaw
Author(s): Ejem, Chukwu Agwu , Okore, Chinedu Samuel , Effe-Nnamdi, Ann Chinenye
Author(s): Umoh, Unyime Emmanuel, Charles, Theresa Ifiok, Inyang, Utibe Peter
Author(s): Amah Kalu Ogbonnaya &Amauwa Basil, C
Author(s): Oghenekaro Igbru, Nkechi Joy, Ikilidih, Evi Prosper, Agari
Author(s): Essien, E. Akpanuko, Etim, O. Etim, & Akporien, O. Fidelis
Author(s): Ori, Bertha Chinyere
Author(s): Habila Abel Haruna, Clement Ndukaife Nwakoby, Celestine Sunday Okaro
Author(s): Safiya Auwal Suleiman , Ahmadu Abubakar, PhD & Nura Shitu Abdullahi
Author(s): Ubesie Madubuko Cyril, Etuka Patience Nwadiuto and Anya Ngozi Francisca
Author(s): Obi, C.P, Nwansi, G.U and Osuala, A.E
Author(s): KOMOLAFE, Adebayo Joseph
Author(s): KOMOLAFE, Adebayo Joseph
Author(s): Uruakpa, Peter Chinyere, Ph.D
Author(s): Uruakpa, Peter Chinyere, Ph.D
Author(s): Moyotole Daniel EZUEM, Ph.D, Mrs. Barileera Victory SAGBARA, Ph.D
Author(s): Victor Chukwunweike EHIEDU & Kate O. NWAOKOCHA
Author(s): Dr. Ohaji Evans Chukwudi Paulinus (B.Eng, M.Eng, PhD), Dr. Ifeako, Maureen
Author(s): Ogan, Henrientta Ingo and Akani, Godspower Henshaw
Author(s): ELOUNDOU Etienne François
Author(s): Udonde, Unyime Emmanuel, Etuk, Aniebiet
Author(s): Obim, Edim Ndifon and Prof Ezeudu, Jude Ikenna
Author(s): Dr BAGHEBO Michael, NNAMANI, Chinyere Scholarstica
Author(s): Michael O. Ndugbu Kingsley C. Otiwu Chukwunyeaka Linus Okafor
Author(s): Dr. OKIRIDU, Obulord S. Frank and OGBOSEI, Grace Osatoamen
Author(s): Goodness Awa Ibem, Joseph U. B. Azubike & Sarah-Joy Eleojo Onuche
Author(s): LENYIE, Leesi
Author(s): Dr. Chituru Wike, Dr. Buloh Abelta Kpekpe, Dr. Daniel Ikezam Nwonodi
Author(s): Professor Godson Ikechi Anyanwu
Author(s): J. N. Ojiegbe, Peter. O. Ihejirika, Ihejiamaizu Princess Amarachi
Author(s): G. I Anyanwu, P. Ihejirika, Fortune Bella Charles
Author(s): Ele, Linus Egwu, Michael, Emmanuel Ikpe
Author(s): B. O. Osuka, K. C. Otiwu, Nwabeke Chidinma Elizabeth
Author(s): Akpokerere, Othuke Emmanuel Ph.D & Aninoritse Lisa Edafiaje
Author(s): Ele, Linus Egwu, Ocheni Godwin Arome, Orji, Joseph Ogbonna, Iteire, Abighe Curtis
Author(s): Nwosu, N. F., Dialoke, I. & Otuokere, I .C.
Author(s): James A. Sarakiri (Ph.D)
Author(s): Ejinkonye, Remigius Chinwoke (PhD), Adiga, Dauda Leviticus (PhD), Nwosu, Samuel N. (PhD), Mazeli, Edith Nkiruka (PhD)
Author(s): ONYENAGUBOM, Christian and NONGU, Aondoaseer Moses
Author(s): Chinedu Samuel Okereke & Okezie Stella Ogechukwu
Author(s): Ado Bappayo, Alahaji Kawugana
Author(s): Alhaji Kawugana PhD, Shuaibu Said Abdullahi, Ayanwuyi Johnson
Author(s): Ozor, Kelechukwu C. PhD, Nwoko, Nnena Mercy, PhD and Efanga, Udeme Okon, PhD
Author(s): Dr. Cyprian Okey Okoro, Festus Ndubuisi Nkwo and Edeh, Ijeoma Thelma
Author(s): Mbanefo Patrick Amaechi, Ph.D
Author(s): Edori, Iniviei Simeon, Ogbulu, Onyemachi Maxwell, Okanta, Sunday Ukeje
Author(s): Agoh, Ndubuisi, Ogbulu, Onyemachi Maxwell, Okanta, Sunday Ukeje
Author(s): Daniel Ikezam Nwonodi
Author(s): Abel H’sown Iyeneomie and Lucky Anyike Lucky
Author(s): Prof Ezeike-Obuna Miriam Ekwutosi, Prof Prince Adonai Okonkwo, Prof. N. M. Ile
Author(s): NWANNA, Ifeanyi Onyenwe (Ph.D)
Author(s): Chukwuocha, Chidinma K , Dialoke Ikechukwu (Ph.D) and Prof. Alex Osuala
Author(s): Obim, Edim Ndifon and Prof Ezeudu, Jude Ikenna
Author(s): Confidence Joel IHENYEN (PhD, A CA), Kelvin Eberechukwu EHIOGU, James Alabor ODONI
Author(s): Ibrahim Mohammed Babbuli (Ph.D) and Danjuma Mohammed (Ph.D)
Author(s): ANDABAI, Priye Werigbelegha, Ph.D
Author(s): ANDABAI, Priye Werigbelegha, Ph.D
Author(s): Oloto, Ngozi U.
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