WORLD JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY (WJIMT )
E-ISSN 2504-4766
P-ISSN 2682-5910
VOL. 9 NO. 5 2025
DOI: 10.56201/wjimt.v9.no5.2025.pg225.244
Ayebo Bolale Francine Laourou
Blockchain technology is revolutionising UK supply chain management by improving security and transparency. This study examines how blockchain mitigates fraud, improves traceability, and optimises operational efficiency through Everledger, IBM Food Trust, Maersk TradeLens, and Walmart UK case studies. Results show that immutable blockchain ledgers and smart contracts improve supply chain integrity but are hindered by factors such as high implementation costs, shortage of technical expertise, and specific regulations such as GDPR compliance in the EU. Comparative analyses with the US, China, and the EU show the UK's regulatory leadership but underperformance in investment. The report suggests UK government incentives, blockchain standardisation across the industry, and workforce development to support wider adoption and help realise its potential in securing UK supply chains.
Agi, M. A. N., & Jha, A. K. (2022). Blockchain technology in the supply chain: An integrated
theoretical perspective of organisational adoption. International Journal of Production
Economics, 247(108458), 108458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108458
Alardeau, T., & Blome, C. (2018). How Industry 4.0 drives sustainability in supply chains:
Analysis of the automotive industry.
Ali, S., Naveed, M., Youssef, M., & Yousaf, I. (2024). FinTech-powered integration: Navigating
the static and dynamic connectedness between GCC equity markets and renewable energy
cryptocurrencies.
Resources
Policy,
89(104591),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104591
Aloqab, A., Hu, W., Abdulraqeb, O. A., Mohammed, O., & Raweh, B. (2024). The impact of the
coronavirus on supply chains: Opportunities and challenges. Review of Economic
Assessment, 2(4), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.58567/rea02040002
Atif, S., & Hassan, A. (2023). Evaluating the blockchain-based e-procurement System: A
Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions. Core.ac.uk.
https://core.ac.uk/download/616675715.pdf
Atnafu, D., & Balda, A. (2018). The impact of inventory management practice on firms'
competitiveness and organisational performance: Empirical evidence from micro and small
enterprises in Ethiopia. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1503219.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2018.1503219
Awa, H. O., Etim, W., & Ogbonda, E. (2024). Stakeholders, stakeholder theory and Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR). International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility,
9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-024-00094-y
Balc?o?lu, Y. S., Çelik, A. A., & Alt?nda?, E. (2024). Integrating blockchain technology in supply
chain management: A bibliometric analysis of theme extraction via text mining.
Sustainability, 16(22), 10032. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162210032
Bank of England. (2024). A portrait of the UK's global supply chain exposure.
Bankofengland.co.uk. https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2024/2024/a-
portrait-of-the-uks-global-supply-chain-exposure
BBVA. (2016, April 12). Leanne Kemp, from Everledger, at the BBVA Open Talent 2015 finals.
NEWS BBVA. https://www.bbva.com/en/diamon ds-blockchain-and-banks-the-story-of-
every ledger/
Belen-Saglam, R., Altuncu, E., Lu, Y., & Li, S. (2023). A systematic literature review of the
tension between the GDPR and public blockchain systems. Blockchain: Research and
Applications, 4(2), 100129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100129
Bhavana, G. B., Anand, R., J Ramprabhakar, Meena, V. P., Vinay Kumar Jadoun, & Benedetto,
F. (2024). Applications of blockchain technology in peer-to-peer energy markets and
green hydrogen supply chains: a topical review. Scientific Reports, 14(1).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72642-2
Botton, N. (2018). Blockchain and Trade: Not a Fix for Brexit, but Could Revolutionise Global
Value
Chains
(If
Governments
Let
It).
https://ecipe.org/wp-
content/uploads/2018/01/ECIPE_PB0118_V3.pdf
Burgess, P., Sunmola, F., & Wertheim-Heck, S. (2024). Information needs for transparency in
blockchain-enabled sustainable food supply chains. International Journal of Information
Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100262
Butt, U. J., Hussien, O., Hasanaj, K., Shaalan, K., Hassan, B., & al-Khateeb, H. (2023). Predicting
the impact of data poisoning attacks in blockchain-enabled supply chain networks.
Algorithms, 16(12), 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/a16120549
Chigbu, U. E., Atiku, S. O., & Du Plessis, C. C. (2023). The Science of Literature Reviews:
Searching, Identifying, Selecting, and Synthesising. Publications, 11(1), 2. MDPI.
https://doi.org/10.3390/publications11010002
Colomo-Palacios, R., Sánchez-Gordón, M., & Arias-Aranda, D. (2020). A critical review on
blockchain assessment initiatives: A technology evolution viewpoint. Journal of Software
(Malden, MA), 32(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.2272
David, A., Kumar, C. G., & Paul, P. V. (2022). Blockchain Technology in the Food Supply Chain.
International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 15(3), 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.290014
Dawadi, S. (2020). Thematic Analysis approach: a Step by Step Guide for ELT Research
Practitioners.
Journal
of
NELTA,
25(1-2),
62–71.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED612353.pdf
De Beers Group. (2022, May 5). De Beers Group introduces the world's first blockchain-backed
diamond
source
platform
at
scale.
Www.debeersgroup.com.
https://www.debeersgroup.com/media/company-news/2022/de-beers-group-introduces-
worlds-first-blockchain-backed-diamond-source-platform-at-scale
Department for Transport. (2022). Future of Freight: A Long-term Plan.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/62b9a2ec8fa8f53572e3db68/future-of-
freight-plan.pdf
Dinçkol, D., Ozcan, P., & Zachariadis, M. (2023). Regulatory standards and consequences for
industry architecture: The case of UK Open Banking. Research Policy, 52(6), 104760.
ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104760
DiFrancesco, R. M., Meena, P., & Kumar, G. (2022). How blockchain technology improves
sustainable supply chain processes: a practical guide. Operations Management Research.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-022-00343-y
Duan, K., Pang, G., & Lin, Y. (2023). Exploring the current status and future opportunities of
blockchain technology adoption and application in supply chain management. Journal of
Digital Economy, 2, 244–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdec.2024.01.005
Duan, K., Pang, G., & Lin, Y. (2024). Exploring the current status and future opportunities of
blockchain technology adoption and application in supply chain management. Journal of
Digital Economy, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdec.2024.01.005
Ellahi, R. M., Wood, L. C., & Bekhit, A. E.-D. A. (2024). Blockchain-Driven Food Supply Chains:
A Systematic Review for Unexplored Opportunities. Applied Sciences, 14(19), 8944.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198944
Emrouznejad, A., Abbasi, S., & S?cakyüz, Ç. (2023). Supply chain risk management: A content
analysis-based review of existing and emerging topics. Supply Chain Analytics,
3(100031), 100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sca.2023.100031
European
Investment
Bank.
(2022).
Artificial
intelligence,
BlockchainblockchainBlockchainblockchain
and
the
future
of
Europe.
https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/artificial_intelligence_blockchain_and_the_fut
ure_of_europe_report_en.pdf
Everledger. (2020, May 8). Blockchain Luxury Goods: Everledger is improving trust and
sustainability. Everledger. https://everledger.io/blockchain-luxury-goods-helping-to-
improve-trust-and-sustainability/
Finck, M. (2018). Blockchains and Data Protection in the European Union. European Data
Protection Law Review, 4(1), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2018/1/6
Food Standards Agency. (2023). The Cost of Food Crime Phase 2 - Executive Summary. Food
Standards Agency. https://www.food.gov.uk/research/the-cost-of-food-crime-phase-2-
executive-summary
Frontiers Media SA. (2020, March 5). FIGURE 5 | Overview of the Everledger Blockchain
application
in
the...
ResearchGate;
ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Overview-of-the-Everledger-Blockchain-application-
in-the-diamond-industry_fig5_339721595
Gao, Y., Kawai, S., & Nobuhara, H. (2019). Scalable Blockchain Protocol Based on Proof of
Stake and Sharding. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent
Informatics, 23(5), 856–863. https://doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2019.p0856
GOV.UK. (2019). Tackling fraud in government with data a