Perceived Parenting styles and childhood Behaviour as Predictors of Aggressive Behaviour Among Undergraduate Students
Abstract
The study investigated perceived parenting styles and childhood behavior as predictors of aggressive behavior among undergraduate students, with one hundred and ninety-seven (197) undergraduate students that comprises of 124 females and 73 males with age range of 17-25 a mean age of 20.65 and S. D of 2.147 were drawn as participants using multi-stage (cluster, simple: balloting and purposive) sampling techniques from Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT). Baumrid (1971) Parental care scale, Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (Felitti et al, 1998) and Aggressive Behaviour Scale (Orpinas, 2001) were used for data collections, correlational design was used, the statistical test that was used for data analysis is multiple hierarchical regression using SPSS version 27. The findings revealed that parenting styles (authoritarian St?= -.077, t= -.482, permissive St?= .081, t= .477, authoritative St?= - .147, t= -.867 at p< .05) failed to predict aggressive behaviour among undergraduate students. Childhood trauma St?= .122, t= .730 at p< .05 failed to predict aggressive behaviour among undergraduate. The predictor variables at r= .197 are not related to aggressive behaviour, they contributed 3.9% variation to aggressive behaviour at r2= .039, and childhood trauma and parenting styles jointly failed to predict aggressive behaviour. Hence, clinicians should try and help student to be able to get positive cognitive process. Parents should try and help students to be open minded and be positive in their thought.
References
American Academy of Pediatrics. Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Lifelong Consequences of Trauma. Elk Grove Village, IL American Academy of Pediatrics 2014. Available at: https://www.aap.org/en-us/documents/ttb_aces_consequences.pdf. Accessed January 11, 2021 Arora, R. (2023). Intellectual Structure of Parenting Style Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Sage Open, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231167843 Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall. Bastian, A., Efastri, S. M., & Filtri, H. (2018). The Strategy of Agressivity Handling at Early Childhood of Berkah Ceria Pekanbaru. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 175(1). Baumrind D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behaviour. Child Development. 37:887–907. doi: 10.2307/1126611. Baumrind D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behaviour. Genetic Psychology Monographs. 75:43–88. doi: 10.1037/h0024919. Baumrind D. (1971) Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology. 4:1–103. doi: 10.1037/h0030372. Baumrind D. (1989). Rearing competent children. In: Damon W, editor. Child Development Today and Tomorrow. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 349–378. Baumrind D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance abuse. Journal of Early Adolescence. 11:56–95. doi: 10.1177/0272431691111004. behaviour and intention of aggressive behaviouramong adolescent school children in Selangor State-Malaysia. Research on humanities and social sciences, 3(5). Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.106.1.59 Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. A retrospective self-report. Manual. San Antonio. TX: The Psychological Corporation. Harcourt Brace & Company Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., & Foote, J. (1994). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t02080-000 Bowlby, J. (1969). Maternal deprivation, Grief in children, Bereavement in children, Attachment behavior in children, Separation anxiety in children, Psychology, Pathological, Attachment behavior in children, Bereavement in children, Grief in children, Maternal deprivation, Psychology, Pathological, Separation anxiety in children. International psycho-analytical library. 79. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England : Penguin Books ; New York, N.Y.U.S.A. : Viking Penguin Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (US). Trauma-Informed Care in Behavioral Health Services. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2014. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 57.) Chapter 4, Screening and Assessment. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207188/ Chemtob C., Roitblat H. L., Hamada R. S., Carlson J. G., Twentyman C. T. (1988). A cognitive action theory of post-traumatic stress disorder. J. Anxiety Disord. 2, 253–275 Crittenden, P.; Dallos, D; Landini, A & Kozlowska, K. (2014). Attachment and Family Therapy. Open University Press Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.113.3.487 De Bellis, M. D., & Zisk, A. (2014). The biological effects of childhood trauma. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 23(2), 185–vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.002 Dinç, M. & Küçük, K. A. (2021). The relationship between childhood trauma and aggression in young adulthood. Journal of Scientific Perspectives. 5(Supplement Issue):163-175 Duru, C. K., Redzuan, M., Hamsan, H., & Shahrimin, M. I. (2015). Attitude to aggressive Duru, C. K., Redzuan, M., Hamsan, H., & Shahrimin, M. I. (2015). Attitude to aggressive behavior and intention of aggressive behavior among adolescent school children in Selangor State- Malaysia. Research on humanities and social sciences. 3(5) Forkey, H., Szilagyi, M., Kelly, E. T., & Duffee, J. (2021). Trauma-Informed Care. Pediatrics 148 (2): e2021052580. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-052580 Fox, B. H., Perez, N., Cass, E., Baglivio, M. T., & Epps, N. (2015). Trauma changes everything: examining the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders. Child abuse & neglect, 46, 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.01.011 Gilbert, R., Widom, C.S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S., (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet 373 (9657), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7 Gonzalez A, Greenwood G, & WenHsu J, (2001). Undergraduate students’ goal orientations and their relationship to perceived parenting styles. College Student Journal 35(2): 182-193. doi:10.5897/ERR2014.1789 Gunarsa, S. D., & Jakarta P, A.; B., (1976). PT BPK Gunung Mulia. Howe, D. (2011). Attachment across the Life-course: A brief Introduction. Palgrave Mc Milla https://www.nctsn.org/what-is-child-trauma/trauma-types/complex-trauma/effects Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of behavior: an introduction to behavior theory. Appleton-Century. Kartono, K., Patologi Sosial, Jakarta: PT Raja Gra?ndo Persada, 1997. Kashif, N., Bashir, F., Ahmed, E., & Nasim, I. (2022). Aggressive students’ academic performance: teachers’ insight. Review of economics Kassam-Adams, N. (2014). Design, delivery, and evaluation of early interventions for children exposed to acute trauma. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5, Article https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.22757 Liu, B., Yang, Y., Geng, J., Cai, T., Zhu, M., Chen, T., & Xiang, J. (2022). Harsh Parenting and Children's Aggressive Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(4), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042403 Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.) & E. M. Hetheringtono(Vol. Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. IV. Socialization, Personality and Social Development (4th Ed., pp. 1-101). New York: Wilepy. Mambra, K., Jaleel, A. & Suphala, K. (2024). The Effects of School Environment on Student Aggressive Behavior: A Comprehensive Review. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4801284 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4801284 Masud, H., Ahmad, M. S., Cho, K. W., & Fakhr, Z. (2019). Parenting Styles and Aggression Among Young Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Literature. Community mental health journal, 55(6), 1015–1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00400-0 Mayasari, O. A., Yusuf, A. & Nugroho, S. E. (2019). The aggressive behavior in elementary school and factors can be influence. Journals of primary education. 8(5) Mayasari, O. A., Yusuf, A., & Nugroho, S. E. (2019). The Aggressive Behaviourin Elementary Mundia, L. (2006). Aggressive Behaviour Among Swazi Upper Primary and Junior Secondary Students: Implications for Ongoing Educational Reforms Concerning Inclusive Education. International Journal of Special Education, 21(3). Nikkheslat, N., McLaughlin, A. P., Hastings, C., Zajkowska, Z., Nettis, M. A., Mariani, N., Enache, D., Lombardo, G., Pointon, L., Cowen, P. J., Cavanagh, J., Harrison, N. A., Bullmore, E. T., NIMA Consortium, Pariante, C. M., & Mondelli, V. (2020). Childhood trauma, HPA axis activity and antidepressant response in patients with depression. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.024 Piotrowski, J. T., Lapierre, M. A., & Linebarger, D. L. (2013). Investigating correlates of s
