INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL PRACTICE (IJRCP )

E-ISSN 2579-0501
P-ISSN 2695-219X
VOL. 10 NO. 2 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijrcp.vol.10.no2.2025.pg35.50


Widowhood and Migration among the People of Ghana: Insights from the Biblical Perspectives

Patience Naa Lamiokor Essilfie, Eric Sefa Boye


Abstract


The study investigated the intricate relationship between widowhood and migration among Ghanaian women, particularly examining the impacts on socio-economic status and resilience or coping mechanisms. The study employed a qualitative research approach and data were collected through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews from 30 participants. Drawing from the biblical narrative of Ruth and Naomi, the study found that widowhood results in significant socio-economic instability for most widows, irrespective of their previous financial standing. It also highlighted that financial necessity, family ties, and community support networks often influence migration decisions. Furthermore, the study underscored the crucial role of family and community networks, including churches and NGOs, in providing emotional and financial support to widows. The authors suggested the need for a longitudinal study to be conducted to reach out to widows in rural and marginalized communities for a more comprehensive understanding of their experiences.


keywords:

widowhood, widows, Migration, Resilience, Ruth and Naomi.


References:


Ababio, E. M., Anarfi, J., Kwankye, S., & Tiemoko, R. (2003). Migration from and to Ghana: A
Background Paper. Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and
Poverty.
Agyei, J., & Ofosu, S. (2020). Community-based support for widows in Ghana: An assessment
of existing structures. Journal of Social Policy and Society, 18(2), 67-82.
Ajare, D. E. (2023). Breaking the chains: Overcoming widow’s socio-economic challenges in
Africa.
Africa
Women
Conference.
Retrieved
from
https://africa-
womenconference.org/breaking-the-chains-overcoming-widows-socio-economic-
challenges-in-africa/
Amoako, A. A., & Kyei, P. O. (2020). Widowhood and migration: Understanding the socio-
cultural challenges faced by widows in Ghana. Journal of Migration Studies, 8(3), 45-63.
Amoako, C., & Kyei, P. O. (2020). The challenges of cultural adaptation for migrants in Ghana.
International Journal of Migration Studies, 18(4), 245-261.
Awumbila, M. (2007). Gender equality and poverty in Ghana: Implications for poverty reduction
strategies. GeoJournal, 67(2), 149-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9042-7
Awumbila, M. (2015). Women moving within borders: Gender and internal migration dynamics
in Ghana. Ghana Journal of Geography, 7(2), 132-145.
Bennett, K. M., Morselli, D., Spahni, S., & Perrig-Chiello, P. (2020). Trajectories of resilience
among widows: A latent transition model. Aging & Mental Health, 24(12), 2014-2021.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1647129
Berg, L. B. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. California State
University, Long Beach.
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An
International Review, 46(1), 5-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x
Boaheng, I. (2022). Theological and ethical reflections on care for widows from an African
Christian perspective. E-Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences.
Boyle, P., Halfacree, K., & Robinson, V. (1998). Exploring contemporary migration. London:
Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315843100
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide (3rd ed.). Sage
Publications.
Caputo, J., Li, P., Kühn, M., Brønnum-Hansen, H., & Oksuzyan, A. (2021). Immigration
background and the widowhood effect on mortality. The Journals of Gerontology: Series
B, 76(10), 2155-2168. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab090
Chant, S. (1998). Households, gender, and rural-urban migration: Reflections on linkages and
considerations for policy. Environment and Urbanization, 10(1), 5-21.
Chen, J., & Zhu, J. (2020). The evolution of theoretical approaches in cross-cultural adaptation
research. In Cross-Cultural Adaptation Experiences of International Scholars in
Shanghai (pp. 11-33).
Chia, N. C. (2019). The changing dimensions of widowhood in Africa: Evidence from the Kom
Fondom of the Cameroon Grassfields. East African Scholars Journal of Education,
Humanities
and
Literature,
2(2),
118-132.
https://doi.org/10.36349/easjehl.2019.v02i02.013
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among
five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Dube, M. (2022). Isolation and its impact on widows: Insights from low-resourced communities
in
Binga
District,
Zimbabwe. Social
Sciences,
11(7),
https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11070298
Eboh, L. O., & Boye, T. E. (2005). Widowhood in African society and its effects on women's
health. African Health Sciences, 5(4), 348.
Garmezy, N. (1992). Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology.
Cambridge University Press.
George, T. O., Omonijo, D., Uche, O. O. C., Anyaegbunam, M., & Shaibu, A. O. (2016).
Widows’ socio-demographic characteristics and the observance of widowhood rites
among the Aworis of Ogun State. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences.
Ghana News Agency. (2024). Let’s modify widowhood rites for poverty reduction—WOM.
Retrieved from https://www.gna.org.gh
Ghana Statistical Service. (2021). 2021 Population and Housing Census General Report Volume
3A: Population of Regions and Districts. Ghana Statistical Service. Retrieved from
https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/pressrelease/2021%20PHC%20General%2
0Report%20Vol%203A_Population%20of%20Regions%20and%20Districts_181121.pdf
International Organization for Migration. (2024). Migration. https://www.iom.int/migration.
Retrieved June 4, 2024.
Kim, Y. Y. (2001). Communication and cross-cultural adaptation: An integrative theory. In J. N.
Martin, T. K. Nakayama, & L. A. Flores (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader
(pp. 31-48). McGraw-Hill.
Kwankye, E. A. (2019). Neighborhood, social isolation and mental health outcome among older
people
in
Ghana.
Journal
of
Affective
Disorders,
263,
145-152.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.024
Kuo, B. C. H. (2013). Coping, acculturation, and psychological adaptation among migrants: A
theoretical and empirical review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology, 44(10), 1633-1657. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022113499503
Ledesma, J. (2014). Conceptual frameworks and research models on resilience in leadership.
Sage Open, 4(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014545464
Lenette, C. (2013). ‘I am a widow, mother and refugee’: Narratives of two refugee widows
resettled
to
Australia.
Griffith
Research
Online.
Retrieved
from
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/143899148.pdf
Manala, M. (2015). African traditional widowhood rites and their benefits and/or detrimental
effects on widows in a context of African Christianity. HTS Theological Studies, 71(3),
https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v71i3.2913
Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993).
Theories of international migration: A review and appraisal. Population and
Development Review, 19(3), 431-466. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938462
Mensah, J., & Antwi, B. (2021). Cultural dislocation and social integration: The experiences of
Ghanaian migrants. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 22(2), 365-382.
Mensah, K., & Antwi, J. O. (2021). Cultural sensitivity and the integration of migrant widows in
Ghana: Challenges and opportunities. African Journal of Social Sciences, 12(2), 119-135.
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to
meet the trustworthiness criteria. In The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in
psychology (pp. 591-609). SAGE Publications.
Oghiagbephan, A. D. (2019). Negative Impact of Widowhood Rite as it Affect Marital
Happiness Amongst Married Women in South – South, Nigeria. East African Scholars
Journal
of
Education,
Humanities
and
Literature.
https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJEHL.2019.v02i10.015
Ogu, C. C., Obi, D. O., & Isidiho, P. E. (2020). Widowhood practices and their challenges on the
human dignity of widows in Nneato in Imo state, West Africa in the 21st century.
International Journal of Science and Research, 9(11).
Osbeck, L. (2016). Scientific reasoning as sense-making: Implications for qualitative inquiry.
Journal
of
Theoretical
and
Philosophical
Psychology,
36(2),
85-97.
https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000004
Perrig-Chiello, P. (2019). Trajectories of resilience among widows: A latent transition model.
Aging
&
Mental
Health,
24(12),
2014-2021.
.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1647129
Rodríguez, F. J., Moctezuma, S., & Thomé, H. (2019). Identity and rural migration: A
phenomenological
approach.
Estudios
Fronterizos,
20(e025).
https://doi.org/10.21670/ref.1904025
Smith, J. A. (2020). Cultural adaptation theory: An exploration of individual and community
adjustments in new cultural environments. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychol


DOWNLOAD PDF

Back


Google Scholar logo
Crossref logo
ResearchGate logo
Open Access logo
Google logo