References
Abdulmalik, J., Omigbodun, O., Beida, O. & Adedokun, B. (2009). Psychoactive substance uses among children in informal religious schools (Almajiris) in northern Nigeria, Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 12:6, 527-542. Doi:10.1080/13674670902832813 Abubakar, F. U. & Nasiru, M. A. (2019). Psychoactive Substances Abuse among Renting Motorcyclists in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 8(6): 2320– 1959. Adebayo, A. A. (2004). Mubi region: A geographical synthesis. Paraclete Publishers, Yola. Ahmed, A. M. (2022). Substance Abuse among Undergraduate Student of Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University, Sokoto. Sokoto Journal of the Social Sciences, 2(1): 136–147. Akanbi, M. l, Augustina, G., Theophilus, A. B., Muritala, M. & Ajiboye, A. S. (2015).Impact of substance Abuse on academic performance among adolescent students of Colleges of Education in Kwara State, Nigeria. .Journal of Education and Practice 6(28),108-112. American Addiction Center (2020). Substance Abuse and HIV/AIDs. https://www.HIV- basics/hiv=prevention/reducing-risk- from-alcohol=and-drug-use/substance-use-and-hiv- risk Balogun, S. K. (2006). Chronic intake of separate and combined alcohol and nicotine on body maintenance among albino rats. Journal of Human Ecology, 19, (1), 21 – 24 Bangbade, A. A, Amos, K. G., Okosun, B. & Akambi, M. O. (2021). Perception of drug abuse on Productivity of Construction Site Workers in Mina, Niger State. Journal of Contemporary Issues and Sustainable Practices in the Built Built Environment 2(4): 1354-1563. Bartlett, J., Kotrlik, J., & Higgins, C. (2001). Organisational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 6-9 Bassi, A. P., Idoko, L., Ogundeko, T. O., Ramyil, M. S. C., Abisoye O. A., Ogboke, E. A., Thilza, S. A., Sule, U. O, Ante, E., Bassey, B. A. Ishaki, C., & Iheanacho, N. (2017). Substance abuse and its prevalence among secondary school adolescents in Kagoro, Kaduna state, Nigeria. World Journal of Research and Review, 5(1):11-16. Cofie, C. N. (2010). Prevalence of substance use among junior high school pupils of the Dangme West district. A dissertation submitted to the University of Ghana, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Public Health Degree. University of Ghana Http://Ugspace.Ug.Edu.Gh Dikko, M., Bello, S. O., Chika A., Mungadi, I. A., Sarkingobir Y. & Umar, A. I. (2023). Effect of Tamsulosin use on plasma insulin status in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia patients in Sokoto, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24(4):543- Ekpenyong, D. B. (2012). Drug abuse in Nigerian schools: A study of selected secondary institutions in Bayelsa State, South-South, Nigeria. Journal of Humanities and social sciences Research, 4(3), 98-109 Fareo, D.O. (2012). Drug abuse among Nigerian adolescents: Strategies for counseling. The International Journal of Social Science Research, 5(20):342-347. Hodge, D. R., Marsiglia, F. F. & Nieri, T. (2011). Religion and substance use among youths of Mexican Heritage: A social capital perspective. Social Work Research, 35(3), 137–146. Nasiru, B. S, & Musa, T. S. (2019). Exploring the perceived factors that lead to substance abuse among youth in Northern Nigeria. Advanced Research Journal of Medical and Clinical Science, 5(9), 15-23 NDLEA (2008). Drug data collection and research, Lagos: Drug Demand and Reduction Unit National Drug Law Enforcement Agency Oshikoya, K. & Alli, A. (2006). Perception of drug abuse amongst Nigerian undergraduates. World Journal of Medical Sciences, 1(2), 133–139. Oshodi, O. Y, Aina, O. F. & Onajole, A. T. (2022). Substance use among secondary school students in an urban setting in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors. African Journal of Psychiatry;13(1):52-7. doi: 10.4314/ajpsy. v13i1.53430. PMID: 20428599. Sadiq, K. (2012). Drug use on the rise among Nigerian youths, http://news2onlinenigeria.com/news/top-stories/144286-drug-use-on-the-rise- amongNigeria- youths.html Sambo, S. (2008). Understanding guidance and counseling, Zaria. Ahamadu Bello University Press Limited Staff, Zaria, Kaduna State. Sarkingobir, Y., Dikko, M. Namalam, F., Umar, A.I., & Ashafa, N. A. (2020). Evaluation of substance abuse among in-School and out of school youths in Sokoto State, Northwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 23, 361- 365 Shekarchizadeh, H., Khami, M. R., Mohebbi, S. Z., Ektiari, H. & Virtanen J. I. (2013). Oral health of drug abusers: A review of health effects and care. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(9), 929-940 Siro, A. A. (2014). Drug abuse and political thuggery among youths in Kano metropolis: A modern civilization or resource mismanagement? Journal of research on Humanities and social science,4(4), 132-142 Sue, D., Sue, D. W., Sue, S., (2009). Understanding abnormal behaviour (8th Ed.) Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Taylor, S. E. (2003). Health Psychology (5th Ed.) Indian: McGraw Hill. Tracy, N. (2014). Causes of drug addiction - What causes drug addiction? Retrieved November 3, 2014, from http://www.healthyplace.com/addictions/drug-addiction/causesof-drug- addiction-what-causes-drug-addiction/. UNESCO (2017). What do we mean by Youths and Learning to Live together? Social and Human Sciences Journal, 4(2): 23-32. World Bank (2023). Global economic prospects. The world bank development Economics/ prospects Group. Global Monthly. September 2023 Publication Yusuf, F. A. (2013). Effects of peer modelling technique in reducing substance abuse among undergraduates in Osun State, Nigeria. IFE Psychology; 21(1): 194–205.