Response of Wheat ( Triticum eastivum L.) Crop to Planting Dates and Different Levels of Potassium Fertilizer on Yield Characteristics and Components
Hassan Abbas, Hamdawi Esra Rahi sihud - AL, Mugher - ssein Al u H - Haider Abdul, Ayda Swadi Fatnan Fadel
Abstract
This experiment was conducted in Al-Khader area, Al-Muthanna Governorate, during the winter season 2023-2024, with the aim of studying the response of wheat to planting dates and levels of potassium fertilization on the crop and its components. The experiment was applied using split-plots and three replicates. The planting dates occupied the main plots, included three dates (20/11, 30/11 and 10/12-2022), while the levels of adding potassium levels in Sub- plot, included three levels (100, 140 and 180 kg ha-1). The results showed that the dates were significantly superior in some of the study traits, were the first date was superior on the biological yield (13.869 kg ha-1), and the grain yield (4.260 kg ha-1), while the third date was superior in the number of grains per spike (51.27 grains spike-1), and the harvest index (31.98%), which did not differ significantly from the first date, which amounted to 30.90%. As for potassium levels, the third level of potassium fertilizer addition was superior, by giving the highest average number of spikes (361.7 spikes m2), while there was no significant effect for the rest of the studied traits. As for the interaction, the interaction treatment between the first date and the second level of potassium gave the highest average for biological yield and grain yield, reaching 14.688 and 4.550 kg ha-1, while the interaction treatment of the third date and the third level of potassium gave the highest averages for grains number and harvest index, reaching 57.23 grains spike-1 and 39.16%.
References
Al-Dumai, B.A.H. (2015). The effect of different levels of water stress and potassium on the growth of wheat plants. Karbala Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 2 (Issue 4). Al-Hujairi, J.K.O. (2013). The effect of potassium addition on the ability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to tolerate water stress. Master's thesis. University of Karbala. Al-Muhammadi, H.S.H. (2011). Response of bread wheat Triticum aestivum to planting date in the environment of Anbar Governorate. Master's thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar. Al-Qadi, M.H.M., D.S.M. Al-Ubaidi and A.S.M. Al-Asil (2018). Response of bread wheat varieties Triticum aestivum.L to four planting dates. Tikrit University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume (18), Issue (2). Al-Rawi, K.M. and A.M. Khalaf Allah (2000). Design and Analysis of Agricultural Experiments. Dar Al Kutub for Printing and Publishing, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq, 488pp. Al-Ugaidi, M.A.M., R.M. Mahmoud and Z.A. Abdul-Hamid (2022). The effect of planting dates on the growth characteristics and yield of six varieties of bread wheat. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12 (1): 69-78. Donald, C.M. (1962). In search of yield. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 28:171-178. El-Lethy, S.R., T.A. Magdi and R. Fatma. (2013). Effect of potassium application on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown under salinity stress. Department of Botany, National Research. 26(7): 840-850. Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton, S.L. Tisdale and W.L. Nelson (2005). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. 7th Ed. An introduction to nutrient management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. Jadoua. K.A. (1995). Wheat. Facts. And guidelines. Publications of the Ministry of Agriculture. General Authority. For Agricultural Guidance and Cooperation. Noah, T.A., A. Musa and T.F. Hussein (2009). Effect of planting date and seed rates on yield, its components and quality characteristics of wheat under the conditions of the Green Mountain region. Journal of Agricultural Research 35(3) 24-32. Shirinzadeh, A., H.H. Abad, G. Nourmohammadi, E.M. Haravan and H. Madani (2017). Effect of planting date on growth periods, yield, and yield components of some bread wheat cultivars in Parsabad Moghan. International J. of Farming and Allied Sci., 6(4):109-119. Wahid, S.A., H.H. Intsar, H.M. Al-Hilfy and K.L. Al-Abodi (2017). Effect of sowing dates on the growth and yield of different wheat cultivars and their relationship with accumulated heat units.American-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture. 11(3): 7- 13.
