Investigating the Proximate Composition and Mineral Elements of Kilishi (Roasted Beef) from Selected Areas in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the proximate and mineral composition of contaminants. Samples of cow and Kilishi (Roasted beef) were gathered from six production locations in Kaduna state, Nigeria: Sabon Gari, Tudun Wada, Zaria city, Malali, Anguwan Sarki, and Kasuwa. Additionally, Kilishi prepared in the laboratory, which served as a control, was analyzed. A standard method from USEPA was employed for the proximate analysis, and a Flame photometer (PF9) was utilized to measure the mineral concentrations. The proximate composition results indicated that Kilishi is more nutrient-rich. The proximate parameters in the study samples were ranked as protein > crude fat > ash > moisture > carbohydrate > crude fiber. The laboratory Kilishi control had the lowest moisture percentage (7.22%) and lower protein and carbohydrate values. The mineral composition results revealed that Kilishi had the highest levels of Na, P, and K, while dried beef had the highest concentrations of Ca and Mg. Kasuwa Kilishi exhibited the highest Na (8281.00) and Mg (474.55) levels compared to other Kilishi samples. The highest P (8915.00) and K (9610.00) values were found in Malali Kilishi, while Tudun Wada Kilishi had the highest Ca content (459.55). The laboratory Kilishi had the lowest mineral contents of Ca, Mg, and P. The laboratory (control) Kilishi recorded the lowest levels of Ca, Mg, and P. The current findings indicated that the mineral elements were excessively present in all samples in the order of K > P > Na > Mg > Ca. The government should implement measures to ensure proper hygiene and sanitary standards at various slaughterhouses, abattoirs, and Kilishi processing locations, as well as promote good hygiene practices among producers.
Keywords
Beef
Kilishi
Proximate composition
Mineral elements
Zaria
References
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