IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY (AJHA )

E-ISSN 2579-048X
P-ISSN 2695-1851
VOL. 9 NO. 1 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ajha.v9.no1.2025.pg47.63

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‘The Violent Reproduction of The Weak State’: The Boko Haram Occupations of Northern Adamawa, A Study of The Dynamics and Impacts; 2010-2015.

Douglas Barnabas and Nathan A Yakubu

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Abstract

The Study examined the context of The Boko Harams’s (BH’s) Occupations of the Seven Local Government Council Areas of Northern Adamawa, namely; Madagali, Michika, Mubi North, Mubi South, Hong, Gombi, and Maiha, between 2010-2015. The Study situated the Context, the Nature, the Character, the Dimensions as well as the Dynamics of of the BH’s Insurgencies in the Area under Study. The Study held that, a concoction, confluence and matrix of broad and specific Crises, coalesced, to enable the Occupations of the Areas by the BH’s Insurgent Group, in the period under Study. Be that as it is, the Study identified these Crises as: The Crises of The State, The Crises of Governance, The Crises of Development, The Crises of Democracy and Democratization, The Crises of Poverty, The Crises of Security and Securitization, as well as The Broad and Specific Crises of The Economy, The Socio-Political Crises, amongst others, all considered as part and parcel of the broader and specific , as indeed, The Crises of The Existential realities of the social forces, combined to attract the spill overs of the Insurgencies in the Borno State Area, to engender and spurn The BH’s Groups’ Insurgencies, from The Borno State Area, the epicenter of the Insurrections and Insurgencies, to thus , draw the Northern Adamawa State Area, into the vortex of the Occupations. In other words, Violence, both Exported as well as Imported, into the Area of our Study, Northern Adamawa, were enabled by the long drawn Crises, as well as the everyday realities that coloured the lives of the social forces in the Area. The Study, however, concludes by stating that, the consequences of The BH’s Occupations on The Area of the Study, had very far reaching consequences, and further unleashed an unimaginable Ramifications of Destructions, that have had far reaching, devastations for: Human Security, Safety, Peace, Governance, Democracy and Democratization, Inter-Governmental, Devel

keywords:

Boko Haram, Northern Adamawa, Insurgencies, Public Property, Private Properties, Nigerian Army, Borno State, Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF), Occupations, Violence.

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References:

Interviews
Abdulakeem Muhammed, 30 years, trader Mubi South, 26th February, 2020
Alhaji Ali Yakamata, 56 years, Businessman, Bauchi, 29th February, 2020.
Privilage Source, 45 years Academic, Mubi, 29/12/2022
Anthony Sham 53years, Site Manager Sukur world Heritage Site, Yola, 27/08/2024
Baba Abubakar 36 years, staff of FRSC an indigene of Michika, Mubi 11/07/2023
Former staff of Unity Bank, 50 years, Mubi. 20/03/2023
Ishaku Amos Melaluwa, 53 Years, Civil Servant, Wuro Patuji-Mubi. 27/01/2023
Mallam Iliyasu Usman 37 years, Driver in Shuwa District, 10 October, 2019.
Muhammed Kyari, 57 years, Academic Arewa House Kaduna, 10/03/2020
Prince Zubeiru Ali Ijafaru,49 years, District Head of Chakawa, Mubi, 20/02/2023
Usman Mohammed Asarya, 49 Years, Exmember of BH, Madagali, 11/10/24
Kabiru Salmana, 43 years, Exmember of BH, Madagali, 12/10/24
Usman Musa 52 years, Trader, Mubi South 02/05/2018
Archival Materials
ADSEMA: Final Report on Destruction in Adamawa State.
ADSEMA: Guyaku Insurgence Attack in Gombi LGA February 2015.
ADSEMA: Mubi North LGA Those Affected by Boko Haram Insurgency
ADSEMA: Properties Destroyed by Boko Haram in Michika Vol. 1 2015
Recovery and Peace Building Assessment Report, Vol. 2, 2016 p. 142
Published Works
Abubakar K. M. and Ibrahim U. “Why Borno? The History, Geography and Sociology of
Islamic Radicalization” in Abdul Raufu M. and Kate M. ed. Overcoming Boko Haram:
Faith, Society and Islamic Radicalization in Northern Nigeria: Abuja, Premium Times
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Princeton University Press, 2018
Douglas Barnabas and Nadir A. Nasidi. “A Micro Analysis of the Activities of Boko-Haram
in North-Eastern Nigeria: A Case Study of Adamawa State, 2009-2015”. Journal of
Humanities, Kampala International. Vol. 7(1). 2022. Pp. 181-188
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(ed) Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and State in Nigeria, Nigeria, African
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Hansen, W.W. et al. 2016. “Poverty and Economic Deprivation Theory Street Children
Qur’anic Schools/Almajirai and the Dispossessed as the sources of Recruitment for
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In Perspective on Terrorism Vol. 10 (5) October 2016 pp. 83-95
Kyari M. “The Origin of Boko Haram” in A. Carl levan and Patrick Utaka ed. The Oxford
Handbook of Nigeria Politics: United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2018. PP.
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2009”,Perouse M. M. (ed) Boko Haram: Islamism, Politics, Security and State in
Nigeria, Nigeria, African Studies.
Unpublished Works
Bleambo P. K. and Lagu S. A. (ed.) Mubi Exodus: Adamawa State University Experience.
Mubi. Unpublished Manuscript.
Fred A. Olaoluwa. 2017. “A Study of the Impact of Boko Haram Terrorism on Inter-Group
Relations in Michika Local Government Area of Adamawa State “M.A. Modibbo
Adama University of Technology, Yola.
Mustapha Gwadabe. 2014. “Islam, Izala and Boko Haram Dispute in Northern Nigeria: A
Historical Perspective” Department of History, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,
Seminar Series.
Online Sources
http://www.saharareporters.com./2014/08/23boko-haram-insurgents-overrrun-madagali-
local-government-adamawa-state. Retrieved 8th September, 2024
http://leadership.ng/news/381881/boko-haram-takes-madagali-adamawa-villages.
Accessed
14th September, 2024.
http://leadership.ng/news/381881/boko-haram-takes-madagali-adamawa-villages.
Accessed
14th September, 2024.

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