IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

International Journal of Engineering and Modern Technology (IJEMT )

E-ISSN 2504-8848
P-ISSN 2695-2149
VOL. 11 NO. 4 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijemt.vol.11.no4.2025.pg23.47

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Liquid Organic Fertiliser from Palm Oil Mill Effluent, Siam Weed Leaves, and Avocado Seed Extracts: A Design Mixture Approach Formulation

Owoidighe Amos Okon, Emmauela Osomiamhe Ainerua, Uwem Ekwere Inyang, Innocent Oseribho Oboh

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Abstract

The formation of a liquid organic fertiliser was carried out using palm oil mill effluent (POME), Siam weed, and avocado pear extract. POME was obtained from a local palm oil mill in Abak Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State. The Siam weed plant used was harvested from an uncultivated farm land in Uyo, while the avocado pear seed was obtained from Abak. Avocado pear seed was cut, sundried, and then oven dried at 60 ° C, pulverised, and sieved. Thereafter, it was characterised. Also, the Siam weed was washed under running water, fermented in a digester for 2 weeks, and then the filtrate was collected in an airtight container for further use. The palm oil mill effluent was filtered and analysed for use. Liquid organic fertiliser (LOF) was produced using 500 g of POME, Siam Weed leaves, and avocado seed as substrates. The fourteen formulae of liquid organic fertiliser were produced with different ratios of substrates as generated by Design Mixture. The mixture was homogenised in a (Digester) and incubated at room temperature for 21 days. The mixture was stirred every 3 days during the fermentation process. The liquid organic fertiliser was sampled on days 7, 14, and 21 for chemical and microbiological analysis. Optimisation of the process was carried out following the Design of Experiments. Statistical analysis was performed according to the design mixture using Design Expert version 13. The result shows that the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium model yielded F values of 7.1, 8.37, and 197.53; and P values of 0.0104, 0.0158, and <0.0001, respectively, which implies that the models are statistically significant since their p values are less than 0.05. The result of the physiological analysis shows that the pH of POME, Siam weed, and avocado pear seed extract are 6.4, 7.1, and 5.5, respectively. Furthermore, the nutrient composition of POME, Siam weed, and avocado pear seed extract shows the presence of nitrogen, phosphorus, a

keywords:

Palm oil mill effluent, Siam weed, Avocado seed extract, Liquid organic fertilizer, Design mixture method

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