INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH (IJHPR )
E-ISSN 2545-5737
P-ISSN 2695-2165
VOL. 10 NO. 3 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijhpr.vol.10.no3.2025.pg75.98
Ajayi OS, Akunna GG Idoko GO, Saalu LC
Aims: To investigate the protective effects of rutin against Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced testicular toxicity in rats fed with a High-Fat Diet (HFD), focusing on histomorphological, physiological, and biochemical changes. Study Design: Experimental study design, using a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) approach with animal subjects (Wistar rats). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, between June and September 2024.
Rutin, Testicular toxicity, Streptozotocin, High-fat diet, Diabetes, Spermatogenesis.
1. Shokri, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., & Nazari, M. (2023). Protective effects of crocin against
testicular toxicity induced by streptozotocin in rats: A biochemical and histopathological
study. Andrologia, 55(2), e14362.
Omolaoye, A. M., Adejumo, A. A., & Akintayo, O. A. (2020). Effects of aqueous extract of
Moringa oleifera leaves on some indices of male reproductive functions in alloxan-induced
diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 246, 112242.
Onung, I. C., Uchendu, C. C., & Nwankwo, C. S. (2023). Ameliorative effect of ethanolic
extract of Chromolaena odorata on reproductive parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic male
rats. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry, 26(1), 1–11.
Zheng, Y., Ma, J., & Zhang, J. (2023). The role of oxidative stress in diabetes-associated male
infertility. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1118121.
WHO. (2022). Infertility prevalence estimates, 2010-2021. World Health Organization.
Dierickx, K., Demyttenaere, K., & Verhaeghe, J. (2021). Psychological impact of male
infertility: A systematic review. Human Reproduction Update, 27(4), 812–826.
Ofosu-Budu, K., Hewlett, M., & Stephenson, J. (2022). ‘It is my fault’: A qualitative
exploration of the experiences of childless men in Ghana. Human Reproduction Open,
2022(2), hoac016.
Rodsprasert, W., Daorai, A., & Kritas, S. K. (2022). Environmental toxicants and male
infertility. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16),
Mendiola, J., Torres-Estay, V., & Oliva, A. (2019). Diabetes and male reproductive health.
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity, 26(2), 99-105.
Okonofua, F. E., Imade, G. E., & Salami, T. A. (2022). Diabetes mellitus and male
reproductive health. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 26(1), 1–9.
Saeedi, P., Petersmann, A., & Salpekar, J. A. (2019). Global and regional diabetes prevalence
estimates for 2019 and projections to 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes
Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 1 157, 107843
Ekweogu, P. N., Ihedioha, O. F., & Mgbemena, F. N. (2019). Ameliorative effect of vitamin
C on lead-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Nigerian Journal of Physiology, 34(2), 164-171.
Maresch, C., Kratky, D., & Waldhäusl, W. (2017). Male reproductive function and diabetes.
International Journal of Andrology, 40(4), 213–221.
Nna, V. U., Uzoegwu, P. N., & Orisakwe, O. E. (2017). Effects of streptozotocin-induced
diabetes on some indices of reproductive functions in male albino rats. Nigerian Journal of
Physiological Sciences, 32(1), 1-6.
Olawale, F. A., Akanbi, O. R., & Oyekunle, M. A. (2021). Ameliorative effects of ethanolic
extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of
Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 18(4), 785–794.
Mostafa, A. M. (2021). Effects of Ocimum basilicum leaves extract on reproductive system
of male rats. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 1(1), 1-8.
Pinti, V. C., Manrique, C. P., & Gagliardino, J. J. (2019). Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in
rats: A model for the study of pancreatic islet dysfunction. Journal of Diabetes Investigation,
10(6), 1548–1558.
Agarwal, A., Durairajanayagam, D., & Wang, J. (2015). Oxidative stress and male infertility.
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2015.
Srinivasan, S., Govindaraj, P., & Pari, L. (2018). Protective effect of resveratrol against
streptozotocin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 343,
1–10.
Zhang, X., Wang, Y., & Liu, W. (2020). Protective effect of lycopene against streptozotocin-
induced testicular toxicity in rats. Reproductive Toxicology, 94, 1–9.
Zhang, F., Lei, Y., & Wang, D. (2018). Effects of high-fat diet and streptozotocin on testicular
function in rats. Andrologia, 50(10), e13158.
Murakami, A., Kawabata, K., & Kasim, V. (2008). Rutin suppresses NF-?B activation through
inhibition of I?B kinase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Bioscience, biotechnology,
and biochemistry, 72(11), 2928-2935.
Ajani, O. A., & Ibrahim, N. A. (2020). Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: A contemporary
overview. Journal of diabetes, 12(4), 312-321.
Li, Y., Yao, J., Han, C., Yang, J., & Luo, S. (2016). Rutin protects against diabetic
cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Biochimica et Biophysica
Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1862(11), 2449-2461.
Nam, J. O., Kim, H. J., & Lee, S. W. (2016). Rutin improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat
diet-induced obese mice through modulation of hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin signaling
pathways. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 38, 107–115.
Dhanabalan, R., Jogi, N., & Jagadeesan, R. (2018). Rutin ameliorates cadmium-induced
testicular toxicity in rats. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 49, 239–246.
Adedara, I. A., Olasile, O. A., & Farombi, E. O. (2019). Rutin mitigates testicular toxicity
induced by lead in rats via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Toxicology
Reports, 6, 111–119.
Batiha, G. E., Magdy, N. M., El-Saber Batiha, A., & El-Moneim, M. A. (2020). Rutin and its
anti-diabetic activity: The role of different mechanisms. Molecules, 25(19), 4325.
Dong, J., Peng, J., Zhang, Z., & Cao, B. (2020). Rutin alleviates diabetic nephropathy by
inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 576212.
Gajda, A. M., Pellizzon, M. A., Ricci, M. R., & Ulman, E. A. (2007). Diet-induced metabolic
syndrome in rodent models. Methods in Molecular Biology, 361, 183–196.
Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1980). Statistical methods (7th ed.). Iowa State University
Press.
Zhao, Y., Hu, X., & Zhang, W. (2021). Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in diabetic testes.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 172, 58-72.
Kwon, D. H., Yoon, J. H., & Kim, H. K. (2023). Oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic
testes: Role of metabolic interventions. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 58(4), 321-333.
Oliveira, R. C., Lopes, M. P., & Ferreira, J. A. (2022). Metabolic syndrome and male fertility:
A comprehensive review. Fertility and Sterility, 118(6), 1095-1110.
Zhou, L., Zhang, Y., & Wang, J. (2020). The effects of rutin on testicular oxidative stress and
apoptosis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 131, 110728.
Singh, D. K., Mishra, A. P., & Kumar, S. (2024). Rutin as a potential therapeutic agent for
metabolic dysfunctions affecting male reproduction. Phytomedicine, 110, 153982.
Sharma, A., Verma, R. K., & Singh, P. (2021). The role of cytokines in metabolic disorder-
induced testicular dysfunction. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 19(1), 75.
Choi, S. Y., Park, J. H., & Lee, K. W. (2023). Hyperlipidemia and testicular inflammation:
Insights from animal models. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 248(3), 156-168.
Hassan, M. M., Ibrahim, F. A., & Othman, A. A. (2022). Rutin modulates inflammatory
cytokines in diabetic testes. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 67(1), 45-57.
Ahmed, A. B., Khan, M. T., & Yusuf, A. (2023). Diabetes-induced testicular atrophy: A
histological and biochemical analysis. Reproductive Toxicology, 114, 34-45.
Martins, L. J., Silva, F. M., & Rocha, A. P. (2024). Protective effects of antioxidants on
testicular health in metabolic syndrome. Toxicology Reports, 11, 67-79.
Rahman, S. M., Bashir, A., & Patel, M. (2021). Impact of diabetes on spermatogenesis:
Molecular insights. Journal of Endocrinological Research, 45(2), 89-103.
Al-Dossari, M. H., Zaher, H., & Mustafa, A. M. (2023). The protective role of rutin in
testicular dysfunction: A mechanistic approach. Journal of Andrology, 44(2), 210-223.
Lee, T. S., Wong, C. H., & Tan, K. C. (2024). Hyperglycemia-induced changes in testicular
cell proliferation and apoptosis. Molecular Reproductive Biology, 71(3), 198-210.