IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management (IJEBM )

E-ISSN 2489-0065
P-ISSN 2695-186X
VOL. 11 NO. 3 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.vol.11.no3.2025.pg72.91

---

Does Anxiety Matter in The Relationship Between Stress, Learning Environment on Academic Performance Among Cadet in Polac

Abdullahi Hassan Gorondutse, Kabiru Umar

---

Abstract

Anxiety is one of the major predictors of academic performance. Students with anxiety disorder display a passive attitude in their studies such as lack of interest in learning, poor performance in exams, and on assignmentsThis study assessed the effect of academic stress; learning environment on the academic performance of students in Nigeria Police Academy, Wudil Kano. The quantitative research strategy was used for the study. The research data collection was preceded by a literature review to provide an in-depth understanding of the research topic. A structured questionnaire designed in the form of a Likert- Scale was administered to Forty (40) cadets who were the participants of the study. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and PLS-SEM and the results were presented in measurement and structural model, the finding reveals tat Specifically, the finding for the direct relationship between learning environment revealed negative and insignificant; while Academic stress and Academic performance revealed a positive and significant with respectively. Equally, the finding of moderation of anxiety and relationship between Academic stress, leaning environment and Academic performance demonstrated a negative and in significant relation The study recommends that the guidance and counselling department of the university should be strengthened to make it more effective in supporting students to overcome stress. In addition, guidance programmes such as seminars and public lectures on stress awareness should be organized periodically for students so that they can be adequately equipped with the needed skills to handle issues related to academic stress better. Finally, provision should be made in the curriculum for adequate time for students to rest by not allowing lectures to extend to weekends.

keywords:

Academic stress, Leaning environment, Anxiety and academic performance

---

References:

A. Yusuf. (n.d.). Inter-relationship among academic performance, academic achievement,
and learning outcomes.
Academic Performance Index (API), (2010). Academic Performance Index. Retrieved from
http://www.greatschools.org/issues/ca/api.html. on 12 - 4 - 2012
Airasian, P. W. (1994). Classroom assessment (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Alos, S. B., Caranto, L. C., & David, J. J. T. (2015). Factors affecting the academic
performance of the student nurses of BSU. RELIEVE, 5(2), 60-65. Retrieved from
http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.nursing.20150502.04.html
Arshad, M. (2015). Self-esteem and academic performance among university students.
Berkowitz, J. (n.d.). Sampling and sample size. Retrieved from Columbia University:
http://www.columbia.edu/~mvp19/RMC/M6/M6.doc
Bossaert, G., Doumen, S., Buyse, E., & Verschueren, K. (2011). Predicting students' academic
achievement after the transition to first grade. Journal of Educational Psychology,
103(1), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021027
Bradford L. Goldense, P. G. (2015). The difference between research and development.
Retrieved from RD Magazine: https://www.rdmag.com/article/2015/02/difference-
between-research-and-development
Chan, T. C. (n.d.). Environmental impact on student learning. Valdosta State University.
Retrieved from https://www.valdosta.edu
Chukwuemeka. (2013). Environmental influence on academic performance of secondary
school students in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State.
Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004). The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS):
Construct validity, measurement properties, and normative data in a large non-clinical
sample.
British
Journal
of
Clinical
Psychology,
43(3),
245-265.
https://doi.org/10.1348/0144665042002597
Dissertation.
(2012).
Sampling
techniques.
Retrieved
from
http://dissertation.laerd.com/process-stage6-step6-p2.php
Early Childhood Education. (n.d.). Play and the learning environment. Retrieved from Sage
Publications:
https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-
binaries/53567_ch_10.pdf
Ed, M. F.-Q. (2015, March). Associations between approaches to study, the learning
environment, and academic achievement.
Finnish National Agency for Education. (2004). Distribution of lesson hours.
Gargallo, B., Suárez-Rodriguez, J. M., & Pérez-Perez, C. (2009). The CEVEAPEU
questionnaire: An instrument to assess the learning strategies of university students.
RELIEVE,
15(2),
1-26.
Retrieved
from
http://www.uv.es/RELIEVE/v15n2/RELIEVEv15n2_5eng.htm
Geremew Muleta Akessa, A. G. (2015). Factors that influence students' academic
performance: A case of Rift Valley University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Gregory M. Herek, P. (2012). A brief introduction to sampling. Retrieved from University of
California, Davis: http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/fact_sample.html
Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1),
101–107.
Hafeez, U. and Akbar, W. (2015) Impact of Training on Employees Performance” (Evidence
from Pharmaceutical Companies in Karachi, Pakistan). Business Management and
Strategy 6 (1).Doi.org/10.5296/bms.v6i1.7804
Hair Jr, J.F., Black W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis:
A Global
Perspective. (7th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
Hair Jr, J.F., Tomas, M.H.G., Ringle, C.H., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least
squares
structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (Second Edi). Los Angeles:
Sage Publications Inc.
Hayes, A.F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new
millennium.CommunicationMonographs,76(4),408–420.
doi:10.1080/03637750903310360
Henseler, J., Dijkstra, T.K., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M., Diamantopoulos, A., Straub, D.W., &
Calantone, R.J. (2014). Common beliefs and reality about PLS: Comments on Rönkkö
and Evermann (2013). Organizational research methods, 17(2), 182-209.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing
discriminant validity in
variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of
the Academy of
Marketing Science, 43, 115–135.
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity
underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3, 424–453.
Hansen, J. B. (2000, April). Student performance and student growth as measures of success:
An evaluator’s perspective. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American
Educational Research Association.
Hoyle, E. (1986). Policies of school management. Suffolic.
Investopedia.
(n.d.).
Hypothesis
testing.
Retrieved
from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hypothesistesting.asp
Iwuagwu Blessing Oselumese, D. O. (2016, March). Environmental influence on students’
academic performance in secondary school.
Joe, A. I. (n.d.). Academic achievement prediction: Role of interest in learning and attitude
towards school.
Keamu, C. G. (2016). Student academic performance: The role of motivation, strategies, and
perceived factors hindering Liberian junior and senior high school students' learning.
Education Research International.
Keamu, C. G. (2017). Student academic performance: The role of motivation, strategies, and
perceived factors hindering Liberian junior and senior high school students' learning.
Education Research International.
Khan, I. M. (2012). Factors affecting students’ academic performance.
M. S. A. Rahim, N. S. (n.d.). Relationship between academic workload and stress level among
biomedical science students in Kuala Lumpur.
M. J. Khan, S. Altaf, and H. Kausar, “Effect of Perceived Academic Stress on Students’
Performance,” FWU
J. Soc. Sci., vol. 7, no. 2, 2013.
K. A. Kalli and A. B. Shehu, “Effects of stress on the academic performance of students of
Tertiary Institution (A case Study of Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, Borno State,
Nigeria),” Int. J. Humanit. Art Soc. Stud., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 79–88, 2018.
M. Saqib and K. U. Rehman, “Impact of Stress on Students Academic Performance at
Secondary School
Level at District Vehari,” Int. J. Learn. Dev., vol. 8, no. 1, p. 84, Feb. 2018.
McLeod,
S.
(2008).
Research
variables.
Retrieved
from
Simply
Psychology:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/variables.html
Moss, C. L. (2015). Role conflict and role ambiguity as predictors of burnout in special and
general
education
co-teachers.
RELIEVE,
1-162.
Retrieved
from
http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=dissertati
ons
Naqvi, S. T. (2006, January). Factors affecting students’ performance. Retrieved from
https://theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/124792/Thesis%20Document.pdf?sequence
=1&isAllowed=y
Nigel Mathers, N. F. (2007). Surveys and questionnaires.
Nzesei, M. M. (2015). A correlation study between learning styles and academic achievement
among secondary school students in Kenya.
Oosterhof, A. (2001). Classroom applications of educational measurement. Merrill Prentice
Hall.
Oredein, O. (2016). Effect of school variables on student academic performance in Calabar
municipal area of Cross River State.
Rashidi, N., & Javanmardi, F. (2012). The relationship between Iranian EFL students’
achievement goal orientations and their gender. RELIEVE, 2(1), 8-15. Retrieved from
http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.edu.20120201.02.html
Reliawiki.
(n.d.).
Simple
linear
regression
analysis.
Retrieved
from
http://reliawiki.org/index.php/Simple_Linear_Regression_Analysis
Shaaria, A. S. (2013). The relationship between lecturers' teaching style and students'
academic engagement.
Silander, P. &. (2012). Oppimisympäristön arviointikehikko oppilaitosjohdolle. Retrieved from
http://www.hel.fi/wps/wcm/connect/c6aaf1804b55a9bcb544f78fcc181101/tietoyhteis
kunt

DOWNLOAD PDF

---

Back