IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

International Journal of Engineering and Modern Technology (IJEMT )

E-ISSN 2504-8848
P-ISSN 2695-2149
VOL. 11 NO. 1 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijemt.vol.11.no1.2025.pg91.107

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5G Communication Network: A Comprehensive Review as a Cutting-Edge Technology in Communication Systems for Sustainable Development and Future Direction

Philip-Kpae, F.O. Ogbondamati, L. E. and Edet, J.

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Abstract

The study addresses key problems in existing networks, including limited data capacity, high latency, and inefficient resource allocation that hinders the support of real-time and large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The study also evaluates 5G’s capabilities in terms of data throughput, energy efficiency, signal quality, and scalability while identifying areas for improvement. The study uses quantitative analysis of core 5G network parameters like Shannon’s capacity, beamforming gain, power efficiency, path loss, and network slicing efficiency. Numerical modeling and simulations were used to assess performance under various conditions. The results reveal a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30 dB, Shannon’s capacity that exceeds 7 Gbps. It highlights the potential for ultra-high data rates. While the beamforming with 8 antennas achieved a gain of 16, the power efficiency was calculated at 2M bits per joule, reflecting enhanced signal strength and sustainable energy consumption. The path loss at 1000 meters reaches 135 dB, demonstrating signal attenuation over distance. The study found that 5G can support up to 10 million IoT devices within a 100 MHz bandwidth, while network slicing efficiency was quantified at 80%, enabling flexible resource allocation. Based on these findings, we recommend further research into adaptive beamforming techniques to address signal degradation and the development of energy-efficient base station to enhance coverage. This study contributes to knowledge by demonstrating 5G’s ability to overcome critical limitations of previous network generations while identifying areas for further innovation. The insights gained lay the foundation for future advancements to meet the demands in data-driven world.

keywords:

Beamforming, Shannon’s capacity, 5G Network, IoT Applications, Communication

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