IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (IJSSMR )

E-ISSN 2545-5303
P-ISSN 2695-2203
VOL. 11 NO. 1 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijssmr.vol.11no1.2025.pg.179.194

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Development and Validation of a Self-Concept Scale for Individuals with Visuàl Impairment in Basic Schools in North Central Nigeria

Esther Pam Bot Samuel, Dr. Emmanuel A. Awobi and Prof. Emeka D. Ozoji

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Abstract

This is an instrumentation and cross–sectional research that was carried on the development and validation of self-concept scale for individuals with visual impairment in basic schools in North Central Nigeria. The study examined the need to develop and validate a scale that will be used to measure the self-concept of individuals with visual impairment under three domains; physical self-concept, emotional self-concept and ideal self-concept. The study was based on two (2) research questions. A sample of 398 individuals with visual impairment were selected from basic schools in North Central Nigeria. Data was collected through a self–developed questionnaire patterned along 5-point Likert scale ranging from Always False, (AF), Mostly False, (MF), Partly False/Partly True, (PF/PT), Mostly True, (MT), and Always True, (AT). Kaiser–Myers–Olkin’s (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and Barlett’s test of sphericity were used to assess the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Also, the principal component analysis (PCA), was conducted to confirm the appropriate number of factors to be extracted and Kaiser criteria of even value > rule and the scree plot test were used as criteria for extraction of factors. The findings revealed that SCSIVI for physical self–concept analysis yielded a four-factor structure loading of >0.40, SCSIVI for emotional self-concept was left with 19 items and SCSIVI Barlett’s test of spherical for one scale was highly significant (P<0.05). Based on the conclusion, it was recommended that further validation studies is required to confirm the reliability and validity of the identified factor structures for physical emotional and ideal self-concepts.

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