IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES (IJCCP )

E-I SSN 2545-5265
P- ISSN 2695-1916
VOL. 10 NO. 5 2024
DOI: 10.56201/ijccp.v10.no5.2024.pg101.122

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Histochemistry of the Gastrointestinal Tract Segments of Age- Related African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Graded Concentrations of Urea Fertilizer

A.G. Ruma; J.W. Wade; and B.S. Audu

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Abstract

The study examines changes in the histochemistry of the gastrointestinal tract segments of age- related African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Urea fertilizer. The study was carried out in the Postgraduate Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Jos, Nigeria. One hundred each of apparently healthy C. gariepinus fingerlings, juveniles and adults of mixed sex were purchased from a reputable fish farm in Jos, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria and transported in an aerated plastic Jeri cans and acclimated for two weeks. During the acclimation period, fish were fed with commercial pelleted feed as reference diet. Three different types of Urea fertilizer: : Indorama- N46%; Dangote - N46% and Notore - N46% were procured from Plateau Agricultural Development Program (PADP) while two types of foreign fish feeds: : Copen and Skretting were procured from reliable marketers. Solubility and stability test for Urea fertilizers and fish feeds were determined. The selected Urea fertilizer was weighed into different sub lethal concentrations as in Ajima, Audu, Mane, Okeke& Varghese. (2017); 0.75g/L, 1.50g/L and 3.00g/L. One kilogram each of the test feed (skretting) according to age of fish was poured into 0.75g/L, 1.50g/L and 3.00g/L concentrations of Urea fertilizer to enable the feed absorb the Urea fertilizer solution for 30 minutes then sieved out and allowed to dry under laboratory condition. Each of the dried feed was labelled: 0.75g/L, 1.5g/l and 3.00g/l accordingly. The experiments were conducted in twenty four (24) plastic bathes according to C. gariepinus age groups. A total of three test concentrations: 0.75g/L, 1.5g/l and 3.00g/l of fish feed each for C. gariepinus fingerlings, Juveniles and adults and control each duplicate replicate were labeled A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, F1, F2 for the three age groups. The 24 containers were grouped into eight according to age of fish la

keywords:

Histo-chemistry, Gastrointestinal tract, Urea Fertilizer, Sub-lethal concentration

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