Journal of Accounting and Financial Management (JAFM )
E-ISSN 2504-8856
P-ISSN 2695-2211
VOL. 10 NO. 6 2024
DOI: 10.56201/jafm.v10.no6.2024.pg232.248
S.A Akosu M.T Soomiyol, E.A Ikya and Yua Henry
This study examined the determinants of audit fee by listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Theories that relate to this study were reviewed which are Agency theory and Audit Pricing theory. The study adopts correlation research design to examine the relationship between audit fee determinants and audit fee with the adaptation of five variables which are client size, client complexity, audit firm size, audit tenure and profitability. Data were obtained from 30 manufacturing firms out of a population of 48 that were listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group from 2018-2022. Secondary data collection method was employed in this study to obtained data from annual report within the study period. The data were analyzed using linear regression and correlation analysis. Findings of the study indicated that client size was a determinant of audit fee while client complexity, audit firm size, audit tenure and profitability were not determinants of audit fee. It was also found that significant differenced exist between the examination of audit fee using multiple regression analysis and linear regression analysis. This study instructively proposed that assurance clients should devise an outline of guidelines and practices to guide activities in the manufacturing sector by monitoring the variables that impact audit fees.
Audit firm size, Audit tenure, Audit fee, Manufacturing firm
Alhassan, M. (2017).Determinants of Audit Fees in a Developing Economy. Evidence from
Ghana. International Business Research, 7, 11-20.
Apadore, K. W and. Letchumanan, D. E. (2016). “Determinants of audit fees”, Journal of product
innovation management, 27 (5): 725-740.
Avram, C. - Bota, Grosanu, A., Rachisan, P.R., & Ivan, R. O. (2018). Determinants of audit fees:
Empirical evidences from Romanian public-interest entities.2nd International Scientific
Conference.doi:10.31410.itema.2018.599https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7300/68a12bf8
9ad3c-44fe29f836169c0922447f35.pdf
Elkana, K. K. (2016). Determinants of Audit Fees Pricing. International Journal of Research,
6(15): 23-35
Ezinando, E. E. E. (2020). Determinants of external audit fees: An empirical analysis of deposit
money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research-Socialand
Management Sciences, 6(3), 1-13.
Firth M., (1985). An Analysis of Audit Fees and Their Determinants in New Zealand.
Francis J. R., (1984). The Effect of Audit Firm Size on Audit Prices: A Study of the Australian
Market, Journal of Accounting and Economics, No. 6, pp.133-151.
Francis J. R., Simon D. T., (1987). A Test of Audit Pricing in the Small Client Segment of the US
Audit Market, Accounting Review, 62, January, pp.145-157.
Gonthier-Besacier N., Schatt A. (2007). Determinants of Audit Fees for French Quoted Firms,
Managerial Auditing Journal, No.22, pp.l39-160.
Hassan, Y. M and Naser, K. (2013). Determinations of Audit Fees. Evidence from an Emergency
Economy; International Business Research, 6(8) 13-15.
Hassas, Y. Y. and Alavi, T. H. (2004). The Relationship Between Spend Resources for Internal
Audit and Independent Audit of Expenses, Quarterly of Accounting Studies, 1(4), 72-82.
Ho, S. and Hutchinson, M. (2010). Internal Audit Department Characteristics/Activities and Audit
Fees: Some Evidence from Hong Kong Firms, Journal of International Accounting,
Auditing and Taxation, 19 (2010) 121-136.
Joshi, P. L., and Al- Basaki, H. (2000). “Determinants of Audit Fees”. Evidence from the
Companies in Bahrain. International Journal of Auditing 4 129-138.
Kajola, A. K., Moizer, P., Knechel, W. R (2022): Determinants of audit fees in Bangladesh. The
International Journal of Accounting, 31(4), 497-509.
Knechel, W. R., Payne, J. (2001). Additional evidence on audit report lags. Auditing: A Journal of
Practice & Theory, 20(1), 137–46.
Musah, A. (2017). Determinants of audit fees in a developing economy: Evidence from Ghana.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science, 7(11), 716-
doi:10.6007/JAFMBSS/v7-i11/3510
Olutokunbo, O. T., Yisa, A., & Abdullahi, J. S. (2020). Corporate characteristics, audit fees and
the Nigerian corporate environment: A panel data approach. European Journal of
Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 8(9), 78-97.
Pong, C.M. and Whittington, G. (1994). “The Determinants of Audit Fees: Some Empirical
Models”, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp.1071-1091.
Sagir, B. A., yaquot, A. A and Hassani, A. A. (2022). Determinant of Audit Fees in Kuwait.
International Academy of Business and Economic 8(1)1-7.
Santhosh, N., & Ganesh, R. S., (2020). Determinants of audit fees: Evidence from companies listed
in the industrial sector of Muscat securities market. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(3), 33-
Simon, D. T., Ramanan & Duangar, A. (1986). “The Market For Audit Services In India; an
Empirical Examination”. International Journal of Accounting, Spring, 27-35
Simunic, D. (1980). The Pricing of Audit Services: Theory and Evidence, Journal of Accounting
Research, 161-190.
Sundgren, S., & Svanstrom, T. (2013). Audit office size, audit quality and audit pricing: Evidence
from small-and medium-sized enterprises. Accounting and Business Research,
Widmann, M., Follert, F., and Wolz, M. (2021) What is it going to cost? Empirical evidence from
a systematic literature review of audit fee determinants. Management Review Quarterly,
Yua, H., Mkuma, Y.P., & Ogbonna, K.S., (2021). Deposit Money Bank’s Credit and Industrial
Output in Nigeria, International Journal of Economics, Business and Management
Research, 5(2), 147-161.
Yua, H., Upaa, J.C., Adiga, D.L., Haruna, H.A (2020). Commercial Bank Credit and
Manufacturing Sector Performance in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Nigeria 1985-
The International Journal of Business & Management, 8(5), 155-161