IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

International Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science (IJAES )

E- ISSN 2489-0081
P- ISSN 2695-1894
VOL. 10 NO. 9 2024
DOI: 10.56201/ijaes.v10.no9.2024.pg137.155

---

Annual Production and Consumption of Irvingia Species Fruit Waste (Pulp) in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Nigeria

Prince Billy, Ebimieowei Etebu, Ugbe Donald Ugbong, Pabara-Ebiowei Dickson, Kemetimiware Kemekeyouare, Esther Happy Alama, Mera Rescue Abi, Miriam Ebiere Opopo, Deinyefa Godfree Igbiriki

---

Abstract

Irvingia spp. fruit waste, particularly its pulp, is recognized for its high nutritional value and potential as a raw material for products like juice, jam, wine, jelly, and marmalades. Despite this, it is often discarded after the kernel is extracted. This research aimed to determine the average annual production of Irvingia spp. fruit pulp waste and the percentage of locals consuming the fresh pulp, using three communities in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State as a sample. The findings revealed the average annual production of Irvingia spp. fruit waste to be 7,697.01 tons in Agudama-Ekpetiama, 18,900.12 tons in Koro-ama, and 1,681.62 tons in Yenegwe. The percentage of consumers of fresh pulp was 69.6% in Agudama- Ekpetiama, 72.8% in Koro-ama, and 68.1% in Yenegwe. It was noted that both the amount of waste produced and the percentage of consumers were influenced by the total population and the number of harvesters in each community. The research highlights the significant quantity of Irvingia spp. fruit waste produced in these communities, confirming the availability of this potential raw material for any local manufacturing companies interested in utilizing the fruit pulp. Additionally, it provides insights into the marketability of Irvingia spp. pulp products, indicating a promising opportunity for value-added uses of what is currently considered waste. This information could encourage further exploration and development of Irvingia spp. products in the region, benefiting both local economies and nutrition.

keywords:

Study on Irvingia spp. fruit waste: production, consumption, marketability.

---

References:

Atanu, F.O.; Ikeojukwu, A.; Owolabi, P.A.; Avwioroko, O.J. (2022) Evaluation of chemical
composition, in vitro antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of solvent extracts
of Irvingia gabonensis leaves. Heliyon. e09922.
Asoiro F.U., Ezeoha S.L., Anyanwu C.N., Aneke N.N., (2020) Physical properties of Irvingia
gabonensis,
Detarium
microcapum,
Mucuna
pruriens and Brachystegia
eurycoma seeds Heliyon, 6. pp 1-8.
Emeka G. A, Chiedozie S. O., Sebastine C. U., Nene O. U., Joseph C. N., Dionysius O. O.,
Nwakaego E., (2022). Biochemical changes associated with the administration of
aqueous pulp extract of Irvingia gabonensis fruit on adult male Wistar rats Clin. Nutr.
Open Sci.
Etebu, E, and Bawo D.D.S (In Press). The effect of treatment methods and storage conditions
on postharvest dieases and fungi quality of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex
O’Rorke) kernel. Food Sci. quality Mgmt.
Etebu, E, and Bawo D.D.S (In Press). Fungi quality and phytochemicals of Irvingia gabonensis
(Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) kernel sold in Yenagoa metropolis of Bayelsa State,
Nigeria. J. Bio. Agric Healthcare.
Hassan Y. R, El-Shiekh R. A, El Hefnawy H. M, Michael C.G, (2024). Irvingia gabonensis
baill. (African Mango): A comprehensive review of its ethnopharmacological
significance, unveiling its long-standing history and therapeutic potential. J
Ethnopharmacol. 326:117942.
Gallois, S., Van Andel T, Heger T, Sonké B, Henry A. G., (2020). Comparing apples and pears:
The hidden diversity of central african bush mangoes (Irvingiaceae). Economic Botany,
74(2):178-194.
Ibemologi, A.; Iope, A.T. (2020). Antimicrobial activities of Irvingia gabonensis leaf
and Cyperus esculentus extracts on some selected isolates. Am. J. Biomed. Sci. Res.
233–236.
Mahunu, G.K., Quansah, L., Tahir, H.E., Mariod, A.A., (2019). Irvingia gabonensis:
Phytochemical constituents, bioactive compounds, traditional and medicinal uses.
In Wild Fruits: Composition, Nutritional Value and Products; Springer: Cham,
Swutzerland. pp. 253–270.
Mateus-Reguengo, L.; Barbosa-Pereira, L.; Rembangouet, W.; Bertolino, M.; Giordano, M.;
Rojo-Poveda, O.; Zeppa, G. (2020). Food applications of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-
Lecomte ex. O’Rorke) Baill., the ‘bush mango’: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. pp
2446–2459.
Ndakara, O. E., Ofuoku, U. A., (2020). Characterizing plant biomass and soil parameters under
exotic trees within rainforest environment in southern Nigeria. AIMS Environmental
Science, 7 (6): 611-626.
Nerfa L, Rhemtulla J. M., Zerriffin H, (2020). Forest dependence is more than forest income:
development of a new index of forest product collection and livelihood resources.
World Dev 125. 104689.
Okwuokei, T. L., Ndakara, O. E. (2022). Resource Exploitation and Tree Species Populations
Dynamics in the Rainforest of Southern Nigeria. Quest Journal of Research in
Environmental and Earth Sciences, 8(11): 97-101.
Olanrewaju, I.O., Mordi, R.C., Echeme, J.O., Owoeye, T.F., Ejilude, O., Aruwajoye, O.A.,
(2019). Anti-mycobacterial and GC-MS studies of Irvingia gabonensis Baill Ex. Lanen
stem extracts. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1378, 042101.
Otitolaiye, C.; Omonkhua, A.; Oriakhi, K.; Okello, E.; Onoagbe, I.; Okonofua, F. (2023).
Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant potential of aqueous and ethanol
extracts of Irvingia gabonensis stem bark. Pharmacogn. Res. pp 363–372.
Peter P.I., Victor M,. (2020). The Effect of Irvingia gabonensis (Ogbono) Seeds on the growth
rate and hematological parameters in Wistar rats. J Biomed Sci. pp. 1-4.
Rudrapal, M., Khairnar, S.J., Khan, J., Dukhyil, A.B., Ansari, M.A., Alomary, M.N.,
Alshabrmi, F.M.; Palai, S., Deb, P.K., Devi, R. (2022). Dietary polyphenols and their
role in oxidative stress-induced human diseases: Insights into protective effects,
antioxidant potentials and mechanism(s) of action. Front. Pharmacol. 13, pp 283.
Silvestro, S., Mazzon, E. (2022). Nrf2 Activation: Involvement in central nervous system
traumatic injuries. A promising therapeutic target of natural compounds. Int. J. Mol.
Sci. 24, pp 199.
Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E. (2021). Towards Advances
in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future
Perspectives. Microorganisms. 9(10).
Yoon, S.Y., Kim, J., Lee, B.S., Baek, S.C., Chung, S.J., Kim, K.H. (2022). Terminalin from
African Mango (Irvingia gabonensis) stimulates glucose uptake through inhibition of
protein tyrosine phosphatases. Biomolecules, 12, 321.

DOWNLOAD PDF

---

Back