IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES (IJCCP )

E-I SSN 2545-5265
P- ISSN 2695-1916
VOL. 10 NO. 5 2024
DOI: 10.56201/ijccp.v10.no5.2024.pg41.46

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Effects of Cassava Mill Effluent (CME) On the Heavy Metal Contents of Surface and Deep Soil around Cassava Mill at Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria

Abasiekong, Beauty O., Ekop Ukeme, J. and Akpan, Mfon O.

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Abstract

This work examined the levels of heavy metals contamination on the surface and deep soil samples around cassava mill in Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene. It also compared the concentrations of the elements in the surfaces soil and deep soil with a control sample. Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu were analyzed by the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and the results obtained were; Cd ranges from 0.108 ± 0.002 < 0.814 ± 0.002 < 1.216 ± 0.002. Pb 0.023 ± 0.000 < 0.063 ± 0.003 < 0.912 ± 0.002. Cr 0.117 ± 0.002 < 1.334 ± 0.002 < 2.092 ± 0.001. Fe, 2.203 ± 0.001 < 8.108 ± 0.003 < 11.057 ± 0.008. Zn, 1.532 ± 0.001 < 2.391 ± 0.001 < 10.421 ± 0.001 and Cu, 2.005 ± 0.004 < 19.043 ± 0.002 < 25.706 ± 0.002. The levels of Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Cu were within the permissible levels, however with the deep soil having the highest concentration in all except Cr. Contamination Factor (CF) indication showed very high for Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cu, while Fe is moderate and considerable. CF for surface soil, revealed Cd (7.56), Cr (17.96), Pb (27.48), Fe (2.89), Zn (1.56), and Cu (9.50). While CF for deep soil revealed Cd (11.31), Cr (11.56), Pb (39.64), Fe (3.94), Zn (6.80) and Cu (12.82). From the results, the pollution lead index (PLI) value of surface soil is 7.366 which denote perfection and the deep soil is 11.009 which indicates deterioration. Results showed that soil samples around cassava mills, Ikot Osurua are not polluted with respect to those metals. However, there is need for proper monitoring so as to maintain the present levels or device mitigation process that can control the future against bioaccumulation and biomagnifications in food chain or further result in the risk of superficial and ground water contamination.

keywords:

Cassava Mill Effluent, Heavy Metal, Contamination Factor, Deep Soil, Surface Soil

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