IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (IJSSMR )

E-ISSN 2545-5303
P-ISSN 2695-2203
VOL. 10 NO. 9 2024
DOI: 10.56201/ijssmr.v10.no9.2024.pg172.193

---

Oil Pollution and Wellbeing of Women in Oil-Bearing Communities in Bayelsa State

Willy Deborah Ogheneworgaga, Prof. Elliot A. Sibiri

---

Abstract

The paper investigate oil pollution and wellbeing of women in oil-bearing communities in Bayelsa State. Specifically, to determine the relationship between oil pollution and health status of women in oil-bearing communities in Bayelsa State, and to identify the challenges caused by oil pollution on the physical heath of women in oil-bearing communities in Bayelsa State. This study used a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data sets using exploratory, correlational, and cross-sectional research designs. Four hundred (400) adult women was identified as the study partipants from different oil-bearing communities withing Bayelsa state. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews (IDI), and key informant interviews (KII) were used to gather primary data. Mean, graphs, frequencies, and percentages were the descriptive statistics employed for analysis in the beginning. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 was used to analyze ordinal, interval, and nominal data using inferential statistics such Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that that oil contamination has serious negative effects on women's health in areas where oil is present. It delves at the ways in which women seek medical attention. All areas that produce oil should have health outreach programs on a regular basis. These programs should include gynecologists, pediatricians, general practitioners, and other medical experts. This community outreach is an attempt to gauge the general health of the locals and put a stop to the spread of oil-related and communicable illnesses.

keywords:

Oil Pollution, Wellbeing, Women Oil-Bearing, Communities, Physical Health

---

References:

Adedokun, M. (2018). Oil Exports and the Nigerian Economy: A Critical Review. Nigerian
Economic Review, 22(4), 19-35.
Adeola, F. O. (2011). Toxic Effects of Oil Spills on Women’s Reproductive Health. Journal of
Environmental Health Research, 16(3), 56-70.
Adeola, G. (2020). Oil Spills in the Niger Delta: Causes and Consequences. Environmental
Journal of Nigeria, 12(3), 45-67.
Agoha, B. (2019). Environmental Impact of Oil Refining in the Niger Delta. Journal of
Environmental Science, 15(4), 88-103.
Ajiboye, J. O., & Adebayo, A. S. (2012). Cultural Influences on Risk Perception: A Study in Risk
Management in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2), 22-34.
Akinpelu, R. (2021). An Analysis of Oil Spill Data in Nigeria from 2011-2021. Nigerian Journal
of Environmental Studies, 19(2), 56-72.
Apata, T. (2010). Civil Unrest and Oil in the Niger Delta. Journal of Conflict Studies, 8(2), 25-
Ayeni, B. (2019). Community Participation in Environmental Policy-Making: Lessons from the
Niger Delta. Nigerian Journal of Environmental Policy, 13(1), 45-58.
Burns, M. et al. (2019). Nigeria's Oil Revenue and Economic Growth: A Comprehensive Study.
African Journal of Economic Research, 17(2), 89-112.
Chijioke, A., Nnaji, C., & Ugwu, F. (2018). Agricultural Challenges in Oil Polluted Areas of the
Niger Delta. Nigerian Agricultural Journal, 14(1), 34-49.
Chisom, A. (2024). The Leading Oil Producers in Africa: A Comparative Study. African Energy
Journal, 20(1), 1-13.
Daniel, T. (2023). Oil Spills in Bayelsa State: A 14-Year Study. Nigerian Environmental Impact
Review, 28(5), 57-69.
Dominic, E. (2016). Economic Impacts of Local Crude Oil Refining in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal
of Economics, 18(1), 67-81.
DPR (Department of Petroleum Resources). (2019). Annual Oil Production Report: Bayelsa
State. Nigeria Petroleum Industry Review, 15(1), 34-49.
Ejechi, B. (2022). Oil Production and Its Effects on the Niger Delta Ecology. Nigerian Journal of
Ecology, 18(2), 21-38.
Elenwo, E., & Urho, P. (2017). Environmental Protection Failures in Nigeria's Oil Sector.
Nigerian Journal of Environmental Law, 10(3), 23-37.
Elum, Z. (2016). Impacts of Crude Oil Exploration in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Nigerian Journal of
Environmental Sustainability, 11(2), 78-89.
Ezejimofor, M. C., Uche, C. M., & Onwuliri, L. O. (2016). Hypertension and Oil Pollution in the
Niger Delta: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nigerian Medical Journal, 21(1), 12-20.
Gay, J. et al. (2020). Environmental Impacts of Oil Spills in the Niger Delta Region. International
Journal of Environmental Science, 14(2), 45-59.
Hasan, M. et al. (2019). SDGs and Environmental Education in Oil-Producing Regions. Journal
of Sustainable Development, 11(4), 12-26.
Ibaba, S. I. (2010). The Failure of Environmental Policies in Nigeria: A Case Study of the Niger
Delta. African Environmental Review, 9(1), 56-72.
Ibaba, S. I. (2017). The Challenges of Oil Production and Environmental Regulations in Nigeria.
Nigerian Journal of Environmental Management, 12(2), 30-44.
Ilevbare, O. (2019). Mental Health Effects of Oil Pollution in Nigeria’s Oil Communities. African
Journal of Mental Health, 12(3), 62-74.
Ite, A. E. et al. (2013). Environmental Pollution and Health Impacts of Oil Spillage in the Niger
Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(1), 38-44.
Jernelov, A. (2010). The Environmental Impact of Oil Spills in Developing Nations: The Case of
Nigeria. Environmental Impact Review, 22(1), 98-112.
Jerome, T. et al. (2016). The Mental and Physical Health Impacts of Oil Pollution in the Niger
Delta. Nigerian Journal of Public Health, 8(2), 65-77.
Kuenzer, C. et al. (2014). Hydrocarbon Contamination and Environmental Risks in the Niger
Delta. Environmental Research Journal, 20(3), 23-38.
Maduawuchi, M. (2020). History of Crude Oil in Nigeria: From Discovery to Present. Nigerian
Energy Review, 28(1), 17-35.
Melissa, K. (2024). Global Oil Production: Analyzing the Leading Countries. Energy Journal,
25(1), 5-17.
Ministry of the Environment. (2016). Impact of Oil Field Proximity on Health Outcomes:
Evidence from Colorado. Environmental Impact Research Bulletin, 14(5), 43-55.
Moneke, U., Ayo, O., & Chukwu, B. (2022). Health Effects of Oil Pollution in Niger Delta
Communities. Nigerian Medical Research Journal, 28(2), 14-28.
Naanen, B. (2019). Hydrocarbon Pollution in Nigeria: Effects on Water and Vegetation. Journal
of Environmental Studies, 16(2), 56-67.
National Bureau of Standards. (2014). Health Implications of Oil Pollution in Oil-Producing
Regions. Nigerian Journal of Health and Safety, 12(1), 15-25.
Natural Resource Defense Council. (2014). Health Effects of Oil Pollution. Environmental Health
Bulletin, 10(4), 34-47.
NBS (National Bureau of Statistics). (2016). Bayelsa State: Demographics and Oil Production
Statistics. Nigerian Statistical Bulletin, 24(3), 65-81.
Nkemakolem, P. (2018). Local Oil Refineries and Environmental Degradation in the Niger Delta.
Nigerian Environmental Impact Assessment Journal, 16(4), 41-59.
Nriagu, J. (2011). Environmental Risks and Health Impacts of Oil Production in the Niger Delta.
Nigerian Journal of Environmental Health, 9(3), 11-25.
Nriagu, J. et al. (2016). The Psychological Effects of Oil Pollution on Host Communities. Nigerian
Journal of Environmental Health, 15(4), 34-47.
Nriagu, J. O. et al. (2016). The Health Impact of Oil Pollution on Women in the Niger Delta.
Nigerian Journal of Public Health and Environmental Research, 20(4), 102-112.
Nwaejije, B. et al. (2017). Hydrocarbon Pollution and Agricultural Production in the Niger Delta.
Journal of Agricultural Research, 15(2), 49-65.
Oghenetega, M. E. et al. (2020). Perception of Oil Pollution and Maternal Health Outcomes in
Oil-Producing Regions. Nigerian Journal of Environmental Health, 25(2), 33-49.
Oghenetega, O. et al. (2022). Impact of Oil Pollution on Human Health in Oil-Producing Areas
of Nigeria. International Journal of Public Health, 19(3), 45-59.
Ojewumi, M. E. et al. (2017). Pipeline Breaks and Hydrocarbon Pollution in Nigeria's Oil-
Producing Areas. Nigerian Journal of Environmental Science, 13(3), 78-92.
Orubu, C. O. et al. (2004). Environmental Laws and the Niger Delta Crisis: Host Communities’
Perspective. African Journal of Environmental Law, 8(2), 14-28.
Oviasuyi, P. O., & Uwadiae, J. (2010). Oil Exploration and the Risk to Human Health in the Niger
Delta. Journal of Environmental Studies, 18(3), 78-91.
Pointer, R. (2018). Destruction of Local Refineries in the Niger Delta: Environmental and
Economic Impacts. Journal of African Economic Studies, 11(2), 55-69.
Rageh, T. (2014). The Environmental Implications of Nigeria's Anti-Crude Oil Refining
Operations. African Journal of Environmental Studies, 10(1), 34-47.
Rebecca, C. (2019). Oil Production and the Niger Delta's Biodiversity Crisis. African Journal of
Environmental Studies, 16(3), 76-88.
Sam, T., & Zubbey, A. (2018). Crude Oil Spillage in the Niger Delta: Causes and Consequences.
Nigerian Journal of Environmental Research, 19(3), 44-60.
Sjöberg, L., Moen, B. E., & Rundmo, T. (2004). Explaining Risk Perception: An Evaluation of
the Psychometric Paradigm in Risk Perception Research. Journal of Risk Research, 7(5),
419-433.
Udotong, I. et al. (2017). Hydrocarbon Pollution and Its Effects on Fish Health in the Niger Delta.
Nigerian Journal of Aquatic Studies, 13(2), 28-41.
Vanguard. (2018). NOSDRA Blames Local Refining for Soot in the Niger Delta. Vanguard News,
19(7), 8-19.
WHO (World Health Organization). (2003). Slow Poison: Health Risks of Environmental
Pollution. WHO Report Series No. 112, Geneva.
World Energy Resources. (2017). Health Impacts of Gas Flaring in Oil-Extracting Regions.
Global Energy Review, 32(7), 53-65.
Yabrade, M. et al. (2016). The Toxicological

DOWNLOAD PDF

---

Back