IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH (IJHPR )

E-ISSN 2545-5737
P-ISSN 2695-2165
VOL. 9 NO. 4 2024
DOI: 10.56201/ijhpr.v9.no4.2024.pg92.103

---

Lignocellulosic and Bioactive Composition of Banana Peels for Pharmacological Applications

Bassey Edem Nyong; Alice Ndem Etim; Esther Offiong Asuquo; Ifiok Eni Enyong; Endurance Egwu Ukam

---

Abstract

The antioxidant potential, Phytochemicals, and lignocellulosic composition of fresh and dry banana peels were investigated to deduce the bioactive ingredients in banana peels and explore their potential uses and also to determine if banana peels could be an excellent natural source of antioxidants among other health-promoting substances. The methanol extract of the banana peels was exposed to different phytochemical tests and lignocellulosic content analysis using the standard method. The research revealed that phytochemicals were higher in the fresh banana peels than in the dried ones while the lignocellulosic contents were higher in dried banana peels than the fresh ones. Phytochemicals present include flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides, quinones, coumarines, alkaloids and saponins while phenols, phlobatanins, steroid, terpenoid, tannins, and anthraquinones were not detected. Cyanogenic glycoside, alkaloid, flavonoid and saponins were 34.0 ± 0.04, 49.0 ± 0.12, 56.0 ± 0.05, 28.0 ± 0.16 and 27.1 ± 0.17, 44.0 ± 0.07, 52.0 ± 0.13, 24.0 ± 0.02 in fresh and dried banana peels respectively. Similarly, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose contents was 5%, 15%, 3.8% and 23.4%, 67.6%, and 45.6% in the fresh and dried banana peels respectively. Plants possess antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics due to flavonoids, lignin, saponins, phenols, and alkaloids, all of which are identified in the current study. These findings suggest that dried banana peels, are abundant in phytochemicals, antioxidants, and lignocellulosic components, which could be significant in improving human health and disease prevention as well as serve as a useful raw material in the packaging, paper and biofuel industry.

keywords:

Lignocellulose; antioxidants; banana peels; pharmacology

---

References:

Liu YH, Xu Y, He YT, Wen JL, Yuan TQ. Lignocellulosic biomass-derived functional
nanocellulose for food-related applications: A review. International Journal of Biological
Macromolecules. 2024; 5:134536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134536
Wang F, Ouyang D, Zhou Z, Page SJ, Liu D, Zhao X. Lignocellulosic biomass as
sustainable feedstock and materials for power generation and energy storage. Journal of
Energy Chemistry. 2021; 57:247-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.08.060
Ilyas RA, Zuhri MY, Aisyah HA, Asyraf MR, Hassan SA, Zainudin ES, Sapuan SM,
Sharma S, Bangar SP, Jumaidin R, Nawab Y. Natural fiber-reinforced polylactic acid,
polylactic acid blends and their composites for advanced applications. Polymers. 2022;
14(1):202. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14010202
Mondal S, Jatrana A, Maan S, Sharma P. Lignin modification and valorization in medicine,
cosmetics, environmental remediation and agriculture: a review. Environmental Chemistry
Letters. 2023; 21(4):2171-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01585-3
Lee JY, Lee SE, Lee DW. Current status and future prospects of biological routes to bio-
based products using raw materials, wastes, and residues as renewable resources. Critical
Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2022; 52(14):2453-509.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2021.1880259
Rao J, Lv Z, Chen G, Peng F. Hemicellulose: Structure, chemical modification, and
application.
Progress
in
Polymer
Science.
2023;
140:101675.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101675
Vu HT, Scarlett CJ, Vuong QV. Changes of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of
banana peel during the ripening process; with and without ethylene treatment. Scientia
Horticulturae. 2019; 253:255-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.04.043.
Aquino CF, Salomão LC, Ribeiro S, Rocha M, Siqueira DL, Cecon PR. Carbohydrates,
phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in pulp and peel of 15 banana cultivars.
Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. 2016; 38:e-090. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-
29452016090
Nadumane VK, Timsina B. Anticancer potential of banana flower extract: An in vitro
study.
Bangladesh
Journal
of
Pharmacology
2014;
9(4):628-35.
https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v9i4.20610
Pelissari FM, Sobral PJ, Menegalli FC. Isolation and characterization of cellulose
nanofibers from banana peels. Cellulose. 2014; 21:417-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-
013-0138-6
Neves Carvalho A, Firuzi O, Joao Gama M, van Horssen J, Saso L. Oxidative stress and
antioxidants in neurological diseases: is there still hope?. Current Drug Targets. 2017;
18(6):705-18.
Kusuma SA, Febrianti M, Saraswati A. Comparison of unripe banana peel of kepok (Musa
paradisiaca L.) and klutuk (Musa balbisiana colla): phytochemical and anti-dysenteriae
activity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2018; 10(4):911-4.
Olakunle OO, Joy BD, Irene OJ. Antifungal activity and phytochemical analysis of selected
fruit
peels.
Journal
of
Biology
and
Medicine.
2019;
3(1):040-3.
https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/jbm
Kibria AA, Rahman MM, Kar A. Extraction and evaluation of phytochemicals from banana
peels and banana plants. Malaysian Journal of Halal Research. 2019; 2(1):22-6.
Bashir F, Hassan A, Mushtaq A, Rizwan S, Jabeen U, Raza A, Anjum S, Masood A.
Phytochemistry and antimicrobial activities of different varieties of banana (Musa
acuminate) peels available in Quetta city. Polish J Environ Stud. 2021; 30(2):1531-8.
Aboul-Enein AM, Salama ZA, Gaafar AA, Aly HF, Abou-Elella F, Ahmed HA.
Identification of phenolic compounds from banana peel (Musa paradaisica L.) as
antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research.
2016; 8(4):46-55.
Eka ME, Asuquo EO, Odey OV, Eyong IE. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of
bioactive compounds present in sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptica) fruit pulp. International
Journal of Chemical Science. 2023; 7 (2): 20-23.
Duan X, Joyce DC, Jiang Y. Postharvest biology and handling of banana fruit. Fresh
Produce. 2007;1(2):140-52.
Nocedo-Mena D, Galván-Rodrigo AA, Wright CW, Caboni P. Review of the
phytochemistry and biological activity of Cissus incisa leaves. Current Topics in Medicinal
Chemistry. 2021; 21(26):2409-24. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026621666210909163612
Chukwuma ER, Obioma N, Christopher OI. The phytochemical composition and some
biochemical effects of Nigerian tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) tuber. Pakistan Journal
of Nutrition. 2010; 9(7):709-15.
Ververis C, Georghiou K, Christodoulakis N, Santas P, Santas R. Fiber dimensions, lignin
and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production.
Industrial
crops
and
products.
2004;
19(3):245-54.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.006
Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A. Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and
sustainable raw material. Angewandte chemie international edition. 2005; 44(22):3358-93.
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200460587
Serna?Jiménez JA, Siles Lopez JA, de los Ángeles Martín Santos M, Chica Pérez AF.
Exploiting waste derived from Musa spp. processing: Banana and plantain. Biofuels,
Bioproducts and Biorefining. 2023; 17(4):1046-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2475
Tungmunnithum D, Thongboonyou A, Pholboon A, Yangsabai A. Flavonoids and other
phenolic compounds from medicinal plants for pharmaceutical and medical aspects: An
overview. Medicines. 2018; 5(3):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5030093

DOWNLOAD PDF

---

Back