IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES (IJCCP )

E-I SSN 2545-5265
P- ISSN 2695-1916
VOL. 10 NO. 1 2024
DOI: 10.56201/ijccp.v10.no1.2024.pg116.132

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Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metals Levels in Sediment and Fish of Lake Geriyo

Abbas A. Babayi, Abubakar A. Bawuro and Amina Aminu

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Abstract

Monitoring of contamination level in Lake Geriyo was coordinated by evaluating the concentrations of metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, & Cd) in sediment and fish samples of the lake in two seasons. The order of the concentrations of the metals in the sediment were Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The results showed that the metals exhibited lower values than sediment quality guideline (SQG). Thus, Lake Geriyo sediment can be categorized as unpolluted. Metal levels were within the set limit of TEL, PEL, ERL, and ERM which indicated that the sediment did not pose any danger to local fauna and flora. Zn and Cd were below the background values (Hakanson, 1980) nevertheless Pb and Cu exceeded. Metal Bioaccumulation were determined in the liver, gills and flesh from benthic and pelagic fish species obtained from the lake. The levels of the heavy metals differ remarkably amid fish species and organs. Flesh have the lowest concentration of all the metals. Liver was the choose organ for Zn, Cu and Pb accumulations. Cd nevertheless exhibited higher concentration in the gills. The metals bio concentration in fish flesh were acceptable by the international legislation limits for Cu, Zn, and Cd but however Pb go beyond in Clarias and Tilapia for wet season and Heterotis both seasons , consequently risky for human consumption and a danger to public health. These levels might be likely due to anthropogenic inputs as there is no industrial activity around the lake.

Heavy metals, Lake Geriyo, Fish, Sediment, Bioaccumulation.

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