IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES (IJCCP )

E-I SSN 2545-5265
P- ISSN 2695-1916
VOL. 10 NO. 1 2024
DOI: 10.56201/ijccp.v10.no1.2024.pg61.72

---

Biofertilizer from Kitchen Waste: Potential for Sustainable Agricultural and Waste Management

Akomah-Abadaike, O.N and Nonyelu, C.I

---

Abstract

The study examines the recovery of NPK in kitchen waste, with a focus on the production of nitrate, phosphate, and potassium The kitchen waste samples, include yam peels, banana peels, plantain peels, potato peels, egg shells, and cooked rice (sink waste), were collected from different kitchens in the city of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. This exhaustive study, employed diverse methodologies such as microbiological analysis to determine the total heterotrophic bacteria count (THB), and the total heterotrophic fungal count (THF). Subsequent studies were aimed at optimizing the extraction process by taking pH, temperature, and reaction time into consideration. The total Nitrate, phosphate and potassium was evaluated. Bacterial isolates were identified based on notable biochemical parameters. The bacteria genera include Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., and Escherichia coli. While fungal isolates were identified based on macroscopy and microscopy, the genera include Penicillium spp., Candida spp., Fusarium spp. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus spp., Trichoderma spp., Trichophyton tonsurans, Crytococcus spp., and Rhodotorula spp. The pH changes from acidic 3 to alkaline 8. The Nitrate, phosphate and potassium recovered ranged from 11.758 mg/kg – 29.114 mg/kg, 1.746 mg/kg – 6.972 mg/kg, 13.235 mg/kg – 22.784 mg/kg respectively. The study evaluated the suitability of the recovered nutrients for agricultural uses and their purity. Additionally, this strategy supports sustainable waste management techniques and the circular economy by keeping organic waste out of landfills and turning it into useful resources.

keywords:

NPK recovery, kitchen waste, nitrate, phosphate, potassium, agriculture, sustainability, waste management

---

References:

Arshad, M., Zamir, S. I., Aslam, M., Yaseen, M., Ehsanullah, & Tahir, M. A. (2018). Effect of
nitrogen application rate on growth, yield, and radiation use efficiency of soybean
(Glycine max L.) under varying plant population densities. Pakistan Journal of
Agricultural Sciences, 55(4), 717-722.
Carranca, C., de Varennes, A., & Rolston, D. E. (2017). Biological nitrogen fixation by legumes
and N uptake by coffee plants. Scientia Horticulturae, 217, 159-167.
Chen, S., Wang, L., & Li, J. (2023). Kitchen waste is high in moisture, readily decays, and has
an unpleasant smell. Environmental pollution can be caused if this waste is treated
improperly. Journal of Environmental Management, 211(1), 60-65.
Environmental Protection Agency. (2021). Reducing food waste at the source is an effective
kitchen waste management strategy. Journal of Waste Management, 45(3), 210-215
Keeler, B.L., Gourevitch, J.D., Polasky, S., Isbell, F., Tessum, C.W., Hill, J.D. and Marshall,
J.D., (2016). The social costs of nitrogen. Science advances, 2(10), p.e1600219
Ksawery K., Izabela K., Les?aw S., Katarzyna C., Adam C., and Szymon S. (2023). Evaluation
of Kitchen Waste Recycling as Organic N-Fertiliser for Sustainable Agriculture
under Cool and Warm Seasons. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,
15(7997): 1-22. DOI: 10.3390.
Kumar, A., Lee, J., and Park, S. (2023). Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass for bio-oil
production. Journal of Renewable Energy, 105(2), 123-134.
Leghari, S.J., Wahocho, N.A., Laghari, G.M., Hafeezlaghar, A. MustafaBhabhan, G., Talpur,
K.H., Bhutto, T.A., Wahocho, S.A and Lashari, A.A (2016) Role of Nitrogen for Plant
Growth and Development: A Review. Advances in Environmental Biology 10: 209-218.
Lin, J., Manhart, M., and Amir, A. (2020, July 1). Evolution of Microbial Growth Traits Under
Serial Dilution. Genetics, 215(3), 767–777. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303149
Macaskie, L. E., Sapsford, D. J., and Mayes, W. M. (2019). Resource Recovery from Wastes.
Royal Society of Chemistry. Murhammer, D. W. (2018). Baculovirus and insect cell expression protocols. Methods in
Molecular Biology.
Nele S., Andreas Z., Helmut R., Harald W., Lucie M., Bachar I., and Walter S. (2018). A Potential
phosphorous fertilizer for organic farming: recovery of phosphorous resources in the
course of bioenergy production through anaerobic digestion of aquatic macrophytes.
Energy, Sustainability, and Society, 8(16): 1 10.DOI: 10.1186.
Oliveira, M., Abadias, M., Usall, J., Torres, R., Teixidó, N., and Viñas, I. (2018). Biopreservation
of fresh-cut melon using the strain Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2. Postharvest biology
and technology, 135,1-9.
Patel, H and Vashi, R.T (2010) Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Adsorption and
Coagulation. E-Journal of Chemistry, 7: 1468-1476.
Tahir Sheikh, S., Jam, F. A., Naz, K., Zarnoos, N., Keerio, A. U., Sheraz, M., & Khan, M. Y.
(2018). Trend of nitrogen and phosphorous losses from agricultural land and its impact
on environment. Soil and Environment, 37(1).
United States Food and Drug Administration (2017). Pharmaceutical Microbiology Manual.
CreateSpace is an independent publishing platform.
Viktoria, M., Szentmihalyi, K., & Blazics, B. (2021). Utilization of organic wastes in agriculture.
In A. K. Gupta (Ed.), Agricultural waste and residues for sustainable bioenergy and
bioproducts (pp. 29-60). Woodhead Publishing.
Williams, R., & Davis, M. (2020). Effects of aeration on microbial communities in composting.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 86(5), e02122-20.
World Health Organization. (2017). Proper management and disposal of bio-waste are paramount
to effectively mitigating these risks. Journal of Environmental Health, 67(8), 12-19.
Yvonne, O., Josiah, A., & Esther, A. (2019). Vermicomposting: An Eco-Biotechnological
approach to managing organic wastes. Journal of Pollution Effects and Control, 7(1), 249.

DOWNLOAD PDF

---

Back