IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES (IJCCP )

E-I SSN 2545-5265
P- ISSN 2695-1916
VOL. 10 NO. 1 2024
DOI: 10.56201/ijccp.v10.no1.2024.pg1.21

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Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Analysis of Effluent from Selected Food and Pharmaceutical Industries in Kano Metropolis

Salisi Salisu, Anhwange B. A. and Peter Adie A.

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Abstract

Industrial pollution has been and continues to be a major threat to the environment affecting the water we use, the air we breathe and the soil we live on. Among the various industries, foods and pharmaceutical industries are one of the largest and most important based industries in Kano State, Nigeria. In this study, the content of Physicochemical (pH, Conductivity, Temperature, COD, BOD, TDS, TSS, DO, TOC, Turbidity, Total hardness, Nitrate and Nitrite) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Zn, Fe, As and Cu) in the samples of effluent were analysed quantitatively between the year 2020 and 2021 for both wet and dry seasons respectively using standard analytical methods. All the parameters were more or less higher for the pharmaceutical than the food industries. The pH ranged between 7.34 to 7.89, conductivity was higher in the dry season to the wet season, the presence of nitrate and nitrite in all the samples is an indication the effluents are untreated. The presence of heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, chromium was detected in all the samples analyzed. Availability of Fe was highest is sample GE (4.001±0.003 mg/kg) and Co was least (0.014±0.0004 mg/kg). In sample PA, 12.611±0.0060 and 0.040±0.0005 mg/kg was recorded as highest and lowest values for Cr and Co. Amount of Fe was the most in sample UG, and Cr the least (5.236±0.0024 and 0.058±0.0002 mg/kg). sample MY reported Cr as having the highest concentration (13.343±0.0052 mg/kg) while the least concentration (0.066±0.0011 mg/kg) was documented for Co. samples PA and AM showed Fe to be highest available metal with concentrations ordering as 1.531±0.0021, 1.376±0.001, 3.364±0.0022, 2.196±0.0002, 7.973±0.0052, 4.466±0.0021, 2.944±0.002, 2.418±0.0032, 1.889±0.0003, 7.804±0.009, 1.020±0.0013, 1.326±0.0020 and 9.103±0.005 mg/kg; lowest concentrations following the same sample arrangement order is listed as 0.044±0.0010, 0.004±0.0003, 0.032±0.0007, 0.051±0.0003, 0.029±0.0017, 0.015±0.0

keywords:

Industrial Pollution, Food Industries, Pharmaceutical Industries, Effluents, Physicochemical Analysis, Heavy Metal Analysis

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