IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EVALUATION AND PHYSICAL REPORT (IJMEPR )

E-ISSN 2579-0498
P-ISSN 2695-2181
VOL. 7 NO. 4 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56201/ijmepr.v7.no4.2023.pg135.144

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Status of Some Biochemical Markers among Nasal Tobacco Snuffing Addicts in Yenagoa Bayelsa State Nigeria

Egoro Emmanuel Tonbra, Ilegbedion Ikhide Godwin and Hope Charlotte

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Abstract

Heavy metals and poisons found in snuff may be harmful to human health. This study aimed on the status of a few biochemical markers among nasal tobacco snuffing addicts in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The 5 ml of blood sample used for this study were withdrawn from each of the non-tobacco snuffers (control group, n=53) and nasal tobacco addicted snuffers for 5- 10 years (experimental group, n=53) respectively. All the volunteers were between the ages of 18 and 52. Each of these samples was introduced into a lithium heparin anti-coagulated bottle, which was then spun at 2,500 revolutions per minute to obtain plasma which was subsequently used to measure the following biochemical markers: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, lead, cadmium, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, 2-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, troponin-1, creatinekinase-MB, C- reactive protein and interleukin-6 using SPSS 23.0 version for statistical analysis with data illustrated as means and standard deviation. The mean values of alanine aminotransferase (38.27 ± 2.17) U/I, aspartate aminotransferase (27.11 ± 1.91) U/I. alkaline phosphatase (49.85 ± 3.65) U/I, Creatinine (97.42 ± 2.96) µmol/L, urea (11.20 ± 1.80) mmol/L, lead (7.80 ± 1.42) × 10-2 ppm, cadmium (6.52 ± 1.21) × 10-2 ppm, malondialdehyde (15.27 ± 1.81) µmol/L, glutathione peroxidase (12. 72 ± 2.10) µmol/L, C-reactive protein (27.65± 2.72) mg/L, and interleukin-6 (29.71 ± 2.10) pg/ml were significantly elevated as compared to the control group alanine aminotransferase (4.02 ± 0.15) U/I, aspartate aminotransferase (3.91 ± 0.12) U/I, alkaline phosphatase (17.81 ± 1.15) U/I, creatinine (60.12 ± 3.17) µmol/L, urea (3.78 ± 1.14) mmol/L, lead (0.002 ± 0.01) × 10-2 ppm, cadmium (0.03 ± 0.01) ×10-2 ppm, malondialdehyde (2.10 ± 0.12) µmol/L, glutathione peroxidase (2.71 ± 0.02) µmol/L,

Nasal tobacco snuffing, Addicts, Status, Biochemical markers, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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References:

Adias, T. C., Anslem, O. A., Tosan, A. E., Babatunde, I. A. and Celestine, C. A. (2014). Effect
of sub-lethal doses of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on some haemato-rheological
parameters using albino wistar rats. American Journal of Medical Sciences and
Medicine. 2 (3), 54-57.

Borgerding, M.F., Bodnar, J.A. Curtin, G.M. and Swauger, J.E. (2012). The chemical
composition of smokeless tobacco: A survey of products sold in the United States in
2006 and 2007. Regulatory Toxicology Pharmacology. 64, 367-368.

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