IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

International Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science (IJAES )

E- ISSN 2489-0081
P- ISSN 2695-1894
VOL. 8 NO. 3 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v8.no3.2022.pg29.36

---

Comparative Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Water and Sediment, Choba Segment of New Calabar River, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Otene, B.B, Ikpinima, G and Nyiradee, S.D

---

Abstract

The heavy metal concentration in water and sediment, Choba segment of New Calabar River, Port Harcourt was investigated between February and April, 2020. Samples collected from the three locations were analysed in the laboratory for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) following standard method of APHA. The mean values of heavy metal in water (mg/l) were: Cr (2.29±1.29), Ni (2.32±0.28), Pb (2.46±0.38), Cd (0.04±0.02), Fe (52.18±7.26) while that of sediment were: Cr (7.18±0.43), Ni (5.57±0.29), Pb (8.09±0.39), Cd(0.30±0.15), Fe (123.64±5.17). The heavy metal values showed variations across the stations at P<0.05. The order of concentration of heavy metal in water was: Fe>Pb>Ni>Cr>Cd while that of sediment is Fe>Pb>Cr>Ni > Cd with heavy metal concentration in sediment higher than that of water while Fe and Cd concentrations were highest and lowest in both water and sediment respectively. All the heavy metals in water except Ni exceeded the permissible limits of World Health Organisation (WHO), Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) while that of sediment were below the permissible limits except Fe. It was concluded from the results that Choba segment of the New Calabar River is under stress since the heavy metals apart from Nickel (Ni) present were above the permissible limit. This implies that the quality of the water is unsafe for use especially for domestic purpose if untreated owing to the on-going anthropogenic activities in the area. Therefore, regulatory standards for discharges from anthropogenic activities should be strictly controlled.

keywords:

Evaluation, Heavy Metals Concentration, Water, Sediment, New Calabar River, Port Harcourt

---

References:

Anonymous, (CIW) (1997). Gediz Havzas? Çal??malar?. T.C. ?zmir Çevre ?l Müdürlü?ü,
Türkiye. (In Turkish).

APHA. (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water.20th(Ed),
Washington D.C

Austin, B. (1999), “The effects of pollution on fish health”, Journal of Applied Microbiology Vol. 85 No. S1, pp. 234S-242S.

Davies O. A., Allison M.E and Uyi, H. S.(2006).Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in water,
sediment and periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula) from the Elechi Creek,
Niger Delta. African Journal of Biotechnology 5 (10), 968-973.

Eletta O.A.A. (2007). Determination of some trace metal levels in Asa river using AAS and
XRF techniques. International Journal of Physical Science, 2(3): 56 - 60.

Jane, A (2003). Metal-DNA interaction Journal of molecular structure 65:19-26.Esam O. Al-
Wesabi1,, Osama A. Abu Zinadah1, Talal A. Zari1 and Zaki M. Al-Hasawi1 (2015).
Comparative assessment of some heavy metals in water and sediment from the Red
Sea coast, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. International.Journal of .Current .Microbiology and
.Applied .Sciences 4(8): 840-855.

Maitera, O. N., Barminas, J. T. & Magili, S. T. (2011). Determination of Heavy Metals in
water and Sediments of River Gongola in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Journal of
Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(5):891-896.

McCluggage, D. (1991). Heavy Metal Poisoning, NCS Magazine, Published by The Bird
Hospital CO,U.S.A.(www.cockatiels.org/articles /Diseases/ metals.html).
NOAA(National Oceanic and Atomspheric Administration) (2009) SQUIRT, Screening
QUICK Reference Tables in sediment, http;// response. Restoration.
NOAA.gov/bookshelf/122 New-SQUIRTS.PDF (Online Update; 23.03. 2009).

Odigie, J.O and Adejumo, B.I.G (2018). Heavy Metals Impact in Water and Sediment of a
Rural Stream in Benin-City, Nigeria: Implications to Aquatic and Human Health.
International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research, 7(1&2)

Otene, B.B & Iorchor, S.I (2019). Comparative Evaluation of Heavy Metal Accumulation
In Water And Sediment of Elele-Alimini Stream, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Global
Scientific Journal, 7(8) Issn 2320-9186

Otene, B.B & J.F. Alfred-Ockiya (2019). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy
Metals in Water and Sediment of Elechi Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. IOSR Journal
of Environmental Science, Toxicology, and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT),
13(3):, pp01-07. www.iosrjournals.org

Otene,B.B & Nnadi, P.C. (2019). Water Quality Index and Status of Minichinda Stream,
Port Harcourt, Nigeria. IIARD International Journal of Geography and
Environmental Management ISSN 2505-882, 5(1).www.iiardpub.org

Otene,B.B & Ukwe, I.O (2018). Evaluation of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Water and
Sediment from Elechi Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. IIARD International Journal of
Geography and Environmental Management,4(1).

Otene,B.B and P.C. Nnadi (2020). Geoenvironmental Evaluation and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment, Minichinda Stream, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Research &
Reviews: Journal of Ecology ISSN: 2278-2230 Volume 9, Issue 2

Sagi, Y. and Yigit, S.A. (2012). Heavy Metals in Yenicaega Lake and Its Potential Sources:
Soil, Water, Sediment and Plankton. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,
184, 1379- 1389 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2048-0

TSE–266 (Turkish standars), (2005). Insani tüketim amaçl? sular hakk?nda yönetmelik. Türk
Standartlar?, Ankara. (In Turkish).

USEPA (2006). Partition Coefficient of metals in surface water, soil and waste, Office of the
Research and Development, EPA/600/R-05/074, 2005.

WHO (World Health Organization) (2011).Guidelines for drinking-water quality - 4th Ed.
WHO (World Health Organization),(1993). Guidelines for drinking water quality.
Recommendations, vol. 1, 2nd ed., Geneva.

WHO/FAO (1993). Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.
Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 837).

WPCL (Water Pollution Control Legislation), (2004). Land-Based Water Quality
Classification, Official journal, 25687, Turkey.
World Health Organization (2006). Guidelines for drinking water quality. First addendum 3rd
edition, Vol. 1 Recommendations.

Zeitoun, M.M., Sayed, E. and Mehana, E. (2014), “Impact of water pollution with heavy
metals on fish health: overview and updates”, Glob Vet, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 219-231.

DOWNLOAD PDF

---

Back